Third-harmonic generation via broadband cascading in disordered quadratic nonlinear media

Wang, Wenjie; Roppo, Vito; Kalinowski, Ksawery; Kong, Yong; Neshev, Dragomir N.; Cojocaru, C.; Trull, J.; Vilaseca, R.; Staliūnas, Kęstutis; Królikowski, Wiesław; Saltiel, S.; Kivshar, Yuri S.

doi:10.1364/oe.17.020117

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It is clear that SHG with orthogonal polarization states can be obtained in SBN by using a single fundamental beam, in contrast to previous claims. 16,17 Additionally, as highlighted in the inset of Fig. 2(c), the extraordinary SH signal is reduced to zero for a particular input polarization state, hence pointing toward mutually coherent processes and opposite sign of the involved nonlinear coefficients.…”

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confidence: 94%

Ultrabroadband generation of multiple concurrent nonlinear coherent interactions in random quadratic media

Mateos

Molina

Galisteo‐López

et al. 2013

Applied Physics Letters

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Triply coincident nonlinear second harmonic interactions continuously tunable in an extremely large spectral range (800-1400 nm) are demonstrated in strontium barium niobate random quadratic crystal. The spectral dependence of the triple process is in agreement with a first order quasi-phasematching collinear interaction. The analysis of the polarization states of the generated beams reveals mutually coherent interactions between different processes simultaneously contributing to the total intensity. The results constitute a necessary step in the implementation of ultra-broadband entangled photon pairs from randomly poled structures and are relevant to a wide range of applications, for which broadband polarization controlled light is required. V C 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4819855] Ferroelectric crystals exhibiting random distribution of alternate domains are increasingly employed in nonlinear optics to design compact multi-wavelength light sources, since they allow for the simultaneous phase matching of several nonlinear processes. In these systems, the generation of multiple nonlinear interactions, as well as their tunable response, occurs at the expense of the efficiency. However, their simplicity, compared to other nonlinear tunable devices based on more sophisticated superstructures of inverted domains, makes them attractive sources for the development of advanced multi-photon devices. 1-7 Substantially less explored is the capability of these systems to manipulate and control the polarization state of the generated nonlinear beams in a broad frequency range. The simultaneous presence of two or more different phase matching processes, involving different polarization states, is of interest in many applications. Polarization-entangled photon pairs, useful for quantum computing and communications, 8 polarization-free frequency converters, valuable for laser fibers and optical communications, 9 or all optical devices, including all optical isolators or polarization switchers, 10,11 are some examples of optical devices that could take advantage of concurrent nonlinear phase-matching processes in a single crystal. Moreover, multipartite quantum entanglement or the possibility to obtain quantum correlation without interferometers have been proposed when a set of three or more photons with different polarization states are simultaneously phase-matched in an optical parametric oscillator. 12,13 In this context, triply concurrent nonlinearities, namely, type 0, type I, and type II second harmonic generation (SHG), have been demonstrated in a carefully designed multi-grating periodically poled KTiOPO 4 crystal, after accurate wavelength and temperature control. 14 The complexity in the sample preparation and experimental set-up can be strongly simplified by using quadratic random nonlinear media as nonlinear optical sources. In this letter, we have focused our attention on as-grown congruent Strontium Barium Niobate (SBN) crystal due to its large nonlinear coefficients and to the presence o...

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confidence: 94%

Ultrabroadband generation of multiple concurrent nonlinear coherent interactions in random quadratic media

Mateos

Molina

Galisteo‐López

et al. 2013

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Thus, a pool of reciprocal lattice vectors with random orientations and random magnitudes is created to phase match nonlinear interactions over a broad spectrum of wavelengths. Such a technique is known as random quasi-phase matching (QPM) [3][4][5].A good case in point is strontium barium niobate (Sr x Ba 1−x Nb 2 O 6 , SBN) crystal, which has been commonly used for broadband second harmonic generation (SHG) [6], cascaded third harmonic generation [7,8], and even Čerenkov-type nonlinear interactions [9][10][11]. However, the phase transition temperature (Curie temperature, T c ) of the SBN crystal is low [12], which is a main drawback for laser applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A good case in point is strontium barium niobate (Sr x Ba 1−x Nb 2 O 6 , SBN) crystal, which has been commonly used for broadband second harmonic generation (SHG) [6], cascaded third harmonic generation [7,8], and even Čerenkov-type nonlinear interactions [9][10][11]. However, the phase transition temperature (Curie temperature, T c ) of the SBN crystal is low [12], which is a main drawback for laser applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

Calcium barium niobate as a functional material for broadband optical frequency conversion

et al. 2014

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We demonstrate the application of as-grown calcium barium niobate (CBN) crystal with random-sized ferroelectric domains as a broadband frequency converter. The frequency conversion process is similar to broadband harmonic generation in commonly used strontium barium niobate (SBN) crystal, but results in higher conversion efficiency reflecting a larger effective nonlinear coefficient of the CBN crystal. We also analyzed the polarization properties of the emitted radiation and determined the ratio of d 32 and d 33 components of the second-order susceptibility tensor of the CBN crystal.Ferroelectric crystal has been exploited in a wide range of devices since its discovery in the 1920s [1]. These devices include filters for wireless communications, modulators in optical circuits, and optical frequency converters in laser technology. Most of these functions are based on 180°antiparallel ferroelectric domains and the ability to engineer these domains on the micro or submicroscale [2]. Of the many ferroelectrics, those asgrown with random-sized ferroelectric domains form a unique group. As far as application in nonlinear optics is concerned, the random domain pattern results in a spatially random modulation of the quadratic nonlinearity of the material. Thus, a pool of reciprocal lattice vectors with random orientations and random magnitudes is created to phase match nonlinear interactions over a broad spectrum of wavelengths. Such a technique is known as random quasi-phase matching (QPM) [3][4][5].A good case in point is strontium barium niobate (Sr x Ba 1−x Nb 2 O 6 , SBN) crystal, which has been commonly used for broadband second harmonic generation (SHG) [6], cascaded third harmonic generation [7,8], and even Čerenkov-type nonlinear interactions [9][10][11]. However, the phase transition temperature (Curie temperature, T c ) of the SBN crystal is low [12], which is a main drawback for laser applications. At high pump power, the crystal will undergo a transition to the paraelectric state, and consequently, the quadratic nonlinear optical effects will disappear [13]. Compared with SBN, calcium barium-niobated (Ca x Ba 1−x Nb 2 O 6 , CBN) crystal is more suitable for practical optical devices operating at higher pump powers because of its higher phase transition temperature. For example, the CBN crystal exhibits a transition temperature of about 539 K for the congruently melting composition with 28 mol. % of calcium (x 0.28, CBN-28) [14,15], but the SBN crystal shows a lower transition temperature of about 353 K for the congruently melting composition with 61 mol. % of strontium content (x 0.61, SBN-61) [16,17]. Recently, Čerenkov-type SHG has been demonstrated in the CBN-28 crystal, which can be used as a nonlinear prism [18][19][20].In this Letter, we show that the CBN crystal is superior over the traditional SBN crystal in terms of the frequency mixing process, which leads to a higher conversion efficiency. We demonstrate experimentally that the broadband SHG process in the CBN crystal is three to four times higher ...

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“…[17][18][19] Aside from noncollinear SHG the generation of the third harmonic via a cascaded χ (2) -process is also possible. 10,20 However, up to now noncollinear sum-frequency generation in SBN is not well examined. Emission of green (SHG) and blue (SFG) light has been observed when an SBN crystal was placed inside a laser cavity, 21,22 but this sum-frequency emission was measured just at one fixed wavelength and only in the planar geometry.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sum-frequency generation in disordered quadratic nonlinear media

2010

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We study the process of sum-frequency generation of femtosecond laser pulses in a strontium barium niobate crystal with a random distribution of ferroelectric domains. The random domain structure allows for broadband quasi-phase matching of wavelengths over the whole visible spectrum. We analyze sum-frequency generation in the wavelength range 460 nm − 630 nm, which is emitted on a cone with angles between 30 • and 55 • . We measure the effective angular width of the sum-frequency intensity profile which is related to the spectral pulse width and directly visualizes the spectral pulse broadening due to self-phase modulation.

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Third-harmonic generation via broadband cascading in disordered quadratic nonlinear media

Cited by 31 publications

References 24 publications

Ultrabroadband generation of multiple concurrent nonlinear coherent interactions in random quadratic media

Ultrabroadband generation of multiple concurrent nonlinear coherent interactions in random quadratic media

Calcium barium niobate as a functional material for broadband optical frequency conversion

Sum-frequency generation in disordered quadratic nonlinear media

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