2010
DOI: 10.1117/1.3477535
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Third-harmonic generation for the study of Caenorhabditis elegans embryogenesis

Abstract: Abstract. Live microscopy techniques ͑i.e., differential interference contrast, confocal microscopy, etc.͒ have enabled the understanding of the mechanisms involved in cells and tissue formation. In long-term studies, special care must be taken in order to avoid sample damage, restricting the applicability of the different microscopy techniques. We demonstrate the potential of using third-harmonic generation ͑THG͒ microscopy for morphogenesis/embryogenesis studies in living Caenorhabditis elegans ͑C. elegans͒.… Show more

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Cited by 28 publications
(26 citation statements)
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“…These wavelengths could be challenging or impossible to reach with Ti:Sapphire based laser systems. In addition, the excitation wavelength above 1 micron, compared to 800 nm excitation wavelength, facilitates the detection due to higher camera sensitivities for the SHG and THG imaging modalities [16].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These wavelengths could be challenging or impossible to reach with Ti:Sapphire based laser systems. In addition, the excitation wavelength above 1 micron, compared to 800 nm excitation wavelength, facilitates the detection due to higher camera sensitivities for the SHG and THG imaging modalities [16].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, a faster and less invasive scheme is desired to make the process more efficient. Multi-photon microscopy (MPM) has been recognized as a promising technique for label-free imaging of biological samples [1,2]. Various nonlinear imaging modalities such as third harmonic generation (THG), second harmonic generation (SHG), two and three photon excited auto-fluorescence (2PEF/3PEF) can provide valuable information about intrinsic properties of the biological samples which can be employed in diagnosis applications [3][4][5][6].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…SHG can be observed in well-defined and highly arranged non-centrosymmetric structures such as collagen, muscle, and microtubules [12] whereas THG is observed when the focused ultra-short beam finds an interface. THG imaging has been successfully used to image live processes from various model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), Drosophila melanogaster, and Danio rerio containing different structures such as lipid droplets, cell boundaries, and tissues [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, other sources have also been tested. These include optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) [7,16] fiber lasers [8,9,14,[21][22][23], Cr:forsterite lasers [8,24], ytterbium laser oscillators [13,18], and semiconductor laser diodes (LDs) [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. In these systems, the interplay in pulse duration, repetition rate, and average and peak power have been taken into account to achieve an efficient NL signal suitable for NL imaging.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%