Third genome size category of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (Newcastle disease virus) and evolutionary implications

Czeglédi, Alíz; Ujvári, Dorina; Somogyi, E; Wehmann, Enikő; Werner, Ortrud; Lomniczi, B.

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2005.11.009

Cited by 370 publications

(315 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Based on serological tests and complete genome sequence, APMVs have been officially classified into 12 serotypes designated as APMV-1 to 12 with NDV categorized into APMV-1 [7,10,65,106]. The virus genome has a negative-sense, non-segmented, single-stranded RNA with a genome length of approximately 15 [21,63]. The genome codes for six genes encoding seven proteins, namely: nucleocapsid protein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), fusion protein (F), hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein (HN), large polymerase protein (L), and an additional protein V that is expressed by RNA editing of P mRNA [56].…”

Section: Newcastle Disease Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The HN and F proteins are two spike projections on the envelope of the virus and the F-gene in addition to the HN and L genes have been identified as a major determinant of virulence [23,47,86]. The genome size is a multiple of six nt, referred to as the 'rule of six' that makes efficient replication occur [21,24,54]. Though, the virus exists as a single serotype antigenic and genetic diversities have been identified among the isolates across the globe [93].…”

Section: Newcastle Disease Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Newcastle disease in Nigeria: epizootiology and current knowledge of circulating genotypes

2016

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Over the years, Newcastle disease (ND) has defied all available control measures. The disease has remained at the forefront of infectious diseases afflicting poultry production after avian influenza. Despite the continuous global use of million doses of ND vaccine annually, the causative pathogen, avian paramyxovirus type 1 also known as Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has continued to evolve causing, even more, a threat not only to the unvaccinated but the vaccinated flocks inclusive. The disease has been well studied in the developed countries where the virus is found in circulation. However, limited information exists on the epizootiology and circulating genotypes of the virus in developing countries where the majority of the flocks are raised on the extensive management system. Identification of virulent NDV in apparently healthy free-range ducks in this system calls for concern and pragmatic approach to investigate factor(s) that favour the virus inhabiting the ducks without clinical manifestation of the disease. Recently, novel genotypes (XIV, XVII, and XVIII) with peculiarity to West and Central African countries have been discovered and due to lack or poor surveillance system possibility of hitherto unreported genotypes are likely. This review elucidates and discusses available literature on the diversity of the circulating NDV genotypes across the West Africa countries and the epizootiology (molecular) of the disease in Nigeria with the view of identifying gaps in knowledge that can assist in the development of effective vaccines and control strategies to combat the peril of the disease.

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Section: Newcastle Disease Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Newcastle Disease Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Newcastle disease in Nigeria: epizootiology and current knowledge of circulating genotypes

2016

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“…The key contributor to APMV-1 pathogenicity is the formation of an active fusion protein (F) upon cleavage of the F protein precursor (F o ) [33,35] as well as the number of basic amino acid residues in the fusion protein cleavage site (FPCS) [12,39]. The FPCS sequence has not only been utilized to pathotype the isolates into lentogenic, mesogenic or velogenic [1,10,36] but also to group the APMV-1 that are circulating worldwide into class I (with nine genotypes) and class II (with eleven genotypes) [11]. The class I viruses are distributed worldwide in wild birds and generally avirulent to chickens [19] have been isolated from live bird market samples [19,20].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Among the 11 genotypes of Class II, the genotypes I, II, III, IV and IX are considered to be emerged during 1930-1960 and contain 15,186 nucleotides [11]. Most of the isolates from Tamil Nadu, three strains from Kerala (AF204752, AF204753, AF204754), one isolate from Karnataka (AF20475) and some of the isolates from north India (AJ245812 & AY09896 from UP; AF474243 from HP) grouped with the classical genotype II vaccine strain Lasota and the classical mesogenic strain Beaudette C. The whole genome sequence information generated by us recently on some of the isolates also indicated the genome size to be 15186 bases in Indian isolates (FJ986192, GU187941, HM357251 and HQ011508).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also interesting to note that three strains from south India (FJ986192, GU187941 and HQ011508) group themselves with the classical genotype IV viruses namely Herts/33 (AY741404) and Italian strain (EU293914). Reports indicate that genotype IV viruses have been the predominant viruses that were isolated from Europe before 1970 [11] and there has been no report of this genotype to GenBank since 1989 [29]. In the class II NDV, the other genotypes namely V, VI, VII and VIII have been shown to possess only the virulent viruses and indicated to be the predominant genotypes circulating world-wide.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Fusion Protein Cleavage Site of Newcastle disease virus Isolates from India Reveals Preliminary Evidence for the Existence of II, VI and VII Genotypes

et al. 2011

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Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been a threat to poultry industry in most of the developing countries with a wide variety of avian species being susceptible, coupled with the presence of mobile wild bird reservoirs contributing not only to the vast genomic diversity of this virus but also to the diagnostic failures. NDV of multiple genotypes (I-XI) is known to be prevalent and reported worldwide. However, there is a paucity of information on the circulating genotypes of NDV in India. This study utilized the fusion protein cleavage site (FPCS) sequence to determine the different genotypes of NDV circulating in India. Our results indicate that majority of NDV isolates from southern states of India namely, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka were found to belong to genotype II. However, some of the strains from Tamil Nadu and most from Uttar Pradesh belong to genotype groups VI and VII. Interestingly, three isolates recovered from Tamil Nadu grouped with genotype IV viruses (namely Herts/33) which had not been hitherto reported to GenBank since 1989. This preliminary information points to the existence of multiple genotypes and also the need for efficacy studies with vaccines incorporating multiple genotypes in controlling virulent NDV (vNDV) outbreaks in India.

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Newcastle Disease Virus

Miller¹,

Afonso²

2011

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a member of the Avulavirus genus in the Paramyxoviridae family, has a ribonucleic acid (RNA) genome that is negative sense, nonsegmented and single‐stranded. The genome codes for six structural proteins: nucleocapsid, phosphoprotein (P), matrix, fusion, hemagglutinin–neuraminidase and the RNA‐directed RNA polymerase, in addition to the nonstructural V protein that is produced by a frame shift in the P coding region. Virulent forms of NDV (vNDV) contain multiple basic amino acids in the fusion cleavage site along with a phenylalanine (F) at position 117, are found worldwide and are endemic in some countries. Infections of poultry species with vNDV lead to trade restrictions. Although all NDV strains are of one serotype, their genomes evolve over time, becoming more diverse. Strains of NDV have been used as viral vectors to formulate vaccines for other infectious diseases and experimentally to treat human cancers. The virus causes conjunctivitis in humans. Key Concepts: Virulent NDV (vNDV) is the aetiological agent of one of the most prevalent and virulent avian diseases in the world, and causes millions of birds to die, and significantly affects the poultry industries of many countries in Africa, Asia and South America. Lentogenic NDV (loNDV) is widely distributed in wild birds where it does not cause significant disease or clinical signs. Isolates of NDV are genetically diverse with at least two classes of viruses, each divided into 10 genotypes. Depending on the virulence of the NDV isolate and the immune status of the host, Newcastle disease produces a large range of clinical signs. The fusion protein cleavage site is a key determinant of virulence and a key element utilised for modern diagnostics and classification. Because all NDV isolates are of a single serotype vaccines prepared with any NDV isolate should protect against disease from any other NDV infection. Neutralising antibodies to the Fusion (F) and hemagglutinin–neuraminidase (HN) proteins of NDV are known to be important in preventing morbidity and morality from Newcastle disease. Even vaccinated birds with high antibody titre to NDV will become infected when exposed to virulent NDV and these vaccinated birds will shed virulent NDV in oral secretion and fecal matter. The genome of NDV has been used as a vaccine vector to carry foreign genes of other organisms for use in both animals and humans.

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Third genome size category of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (Newcastle disease virus) and evolutionary implications

Cited by 370 publications

References 47 publications

Newcastle disease in Nigeria: epizootiology and current knowledge of circulating genotypes

Newcastle disease in Nigeria: epizootiology and current knowledge of circulating genotypes

Analysis of the Fusion Protein Cleavage Site of Newcastle disease virus Isolates from India Reveals Preliminary Evidence for the Existence of II, VI and VII Genotypes

Newcastle Disease Virus

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