Thioredoxin reductase 1 inhibitor shikonin promotes cell necroptosis via SecTRAPs generation and oxygen-coupled redox cycling

Mecheliolide elicits ROS-mediated ERS driven immunogenic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma

“…The close relationship between TrxR and intracellular redox has been demonstrated previously. The changes of TrxR from the reduced state to the oxidized state could trigger a specific term named "SecTRAP" (Sec-compromised TrxR-derived pro-apoptotic protein), which causes an intracellular rapid oxidant environment [ 53 , [54] , [65] ]. The foreign materials/exposure inducing the intracellular oxidant has a particular designation "exposome", which includes drugs, toxicants and physical stressors [ 55 ].…”

Gold(I) selenium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as potent antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria via inhibiting thioredoxin reductase

“…Activity of CRAB TrxR was determined by using a standard DTNB-reducing activity assay as described in previous reports [ 31 , 32 ]. The working reaction mixture contains 100 nM CRAB TrxR (dimeric form), 2.5 mM DTNB, 300 μM NADPH in a TE buffer (pH 7.5).…”

Pharmacological and analytical aspects of alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives: An update from 2008 to 2022

“…Lately, shikonin was tested and found effectively active against Mutant-non small lung cancer cells. It induces necrosis and apoptosis of cancer cells via thioredoxin reductase 1 inhibition following SecTRAPs generation and oxygen-coupled redox cycling pathway ( Zhang et al, 2022 ). One of the study demonstrated anticancer effect of shikonin against colon cancer cells.…”