Thiophene mitigates high temperature fouling of metal surfaces in oil refining

Stephenson, Tyler; Hazelton, Mike; Kupsta, Martin; Lepore, Justin; Andreassen, Einar Johan; Hoff, Anne; Newman, Bruce A.; Eaton, Paul E.; Gray, Murray R.; Mitlin, David

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.08.049

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Thiophene, the precursor employed in this study, possesses a thermally stable structure relative to other S-containing organic molecules. 85 During the 900 or 1000 °C pyrolysis, thiophene's strong carbon−sulfur bond causes much of the S to be retained in the final product. Meanwhile, thiophene's aromatic structure leads to the high degree of ordering (graphitization), making it in effect a "soft carbon" precursor analogous to various S-free aromatic molecules.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur-Rich Graphene Nanoboxes with Ultra-High Potassiation Capacity at Fast Charge: Storage Mechanisms and Device Performance

et al. 2020

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It is a major challenge to achieve fast charging and high reversible capacity in potassium ion storing carbons. Here, we synthesized sulfur-rich graphene nanoboxes (SGNs) by one-step chemical vapor deposition to deliver exceptional rate and cyclability performance as potassium ion battery and potassium ion capacitor (PIC) anodes. The SGN electrode exhibits a record reversible capacity of 516 mAh g −1 at 0.05 A g −1 , record fast charge capacity of 223 mA h g −1 at 1 A g −1 , and exceptional stability with 89% capacity retention after 1000 cycles. Additionally, the SGN-based PIC displays highly favorable Ragone chart characteristics: 112 Wh kg −1 at 505 W kg −1 and 28 Wh kg −1 at 14618 W kg −1 with 92% capacity retention after 6000 cycles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis illustrates a charge storage sequence based primarily on reversible ion binding at the structural−chemical defects in the carbon and the reversible formation of K−S−C and K 2 S compounds. Transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrates reversible dilation of graphene due to ion intercalation, which is a secondary source of capacity at low voltage. This intercalation mechanism is shown to be stable even at cycle 1000. Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique analysis yields diffusion coefficients from 10 −10 to 10 −12 cm 2 s −1 , an order of magnitude higher than S-free carbons. The direct electroanalytic/analytic comparison indicates that chemically bound sulfur increases the number of reversible ion bonding sites, promotes reaction-controlled over diffusion-controlled kinetics, and stabilizes the solid electrolyte interphase. It is also demonstrated that the initial Coulombic efficiency can be significantly improved by switching from a standard carbonate-based electrolyte to an ether-based one.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur-Rich Graphene Nanoboxes with Ultra-High Potassiation Capacity at Fast Charge: Storage Mechanisms and Device Performance

et al. 2020

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“…4. Alternatively, the structure of mixed organic-inorganic crude oil fouling deposits formed under certain conditions may comprise inorganic particles entrapped in a continuous organic medium [44,55]. Out of different models for heterogeneous materials identified in the literature [50], the conductivity of such structure may be described by a Maxwell-Eucken (ME) model, which considers two phases, one dispersed and one continuous.…”

Section: Linking Deposit Conductivity To Composition: Mixing Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic and inorganic fouling in heat exchangers – Industrial case study: Analysis of fouling state

et al. 2017

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A comprehensive model-based thermo-hydraulic methodology is used to investigate fouling behaviour in refinery heat exchangers where high concentration of inorganics in the deposits was reported. The method combines a data-driven analysis of plant measurements (including pressure drop) with a model-based analysis using advanced models of shell-and-tube heat exchangers undergoing fouling. A deposit model capable of tracking composition and deposition history was extended to include thermal-conductivity mixing models appropriate for various deposit structures. Substantial new and useful information can be extracted from the plant measurements in comparison to current practice: the thickness, the effective conductivity, and the radial conductivity and composition profiles of the deposits, reflecting the exchanger operation history. Episodes of rapid and acute fouling, and deposition of inorganic materials could be identified and quantified. A validation of the approach was carried out by (i) a comparison of averaged predicted and experimental inorganic weight fractions in a mixed deposit sample collected at the end of run, and (ii) an initial comparison of predicted radial inorganics profiles and experimental ones (obtained with SEM-EDX) in deposits from similar exchangers. Both steps yielded surprisingly good agreement. The study indicates that the method employed represents a new powerful, model-based analysis tool for monitoring, diagnosis and troubleshooting of fouling in heat exchangers

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“…Previous works of oil fouling in heat exchanger reveal that the oil fouling resistance has different trends with time. Some studies reported that the fouling resistance increases asymptotically with time, while other studies showed linear increase. A decrease in oil fouling resistance with time and negative fouling rate was also reported at high flow velocity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil fouling in double‐pipe heat exchanger under liquid‐liquid dispersion and the influence of copper oxide nanofluid

Majdi

Alabdly

Hasan

et al. 2019

Heat Trans. Asian Res.

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Dispersions of oil in water are encountered in a variety of industrial processes leading to a reduction in the performance of the heat exchangers when thermally treating such two phase fluids. This reduction is mainly due to changes in the thermal and hydrodynamical behavior of the two phase fluid. In the present work, an experimental investigation was performed to study the effects of light oil fouling on the heat transfer coefficient in a double-pipe heat exchanger under turbulent flow conditions. The effects of different operating conditions on the fouling rate were investigated including: hot fluid Reynolds number (the dispersion), cold fluid Reynolds number, and time. The oil fouling rate was analyzed by determining the growth of fouling resistance with time and through pressure drop measurements. The influence of copper oxide (CuO) nanofluid on the fouling rate in the dispersion was also determined. It was found that the presence of dispersed oil causes a reduction in heat transfer coefficient by percentages depending on the Reynolds number of both cold and hot fluids and the concentration of oil. In addition, the time history of fouling resistance exhibited different trends with the flow rates of both fluids and its trend was influenced appreciably by the presence of CuO nanofluid. K E Y W O R D S copper oxide, dispersion, double-pipe heat exchanger, fouling, heat transfer, nanofluid, oil Heat Transfer-Asian Res.

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Thiophene mitigates high temperature fouling of metal surfaces in oil refining

Cited by 15 publications

References 54 publications

Sulfur-Rich Graphene Nanoboxes with Ultra-High Potassiation Capacity at Fast Charge: Storage Mechanisms and Device Performance

Sulfur-Rich Graphene Nanoboxes with Ultra-High Potassiation Capacity at Fast Charge: Storage Mechanisms and Device Performance

Organic and inorganic fouling in heat exchangers – Industrial case study: Analysis of fouling state

Oil fouling in double‐pipe heat exchanger under liquid‐liquid dispersion and the influence of copper oxide nanofluid

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