Thiofluorographene–Hydrophilic Graphene Derivative with Semiconducting and Genosensing Properties

Urbanová, Veronika; Holá, Kateřina; Bourlinos, Athanasios B.; Čépe, Klára; Ambrosi, Adriano; Loo, Adeline Huiling; Pumera, Martin; Karlický, František; Otyepka, Michal; Zbořil, Radek

doi:10.1002/adma.201500094

Cited by 89 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…At this point, it is important to mention that alternative efficient functionalization routes in a wet-environment starting from cyano- and fluoro-graphene towards graphene covalently modified with thio-, cyano- or carboxy-groups have been recently proposed4647 These strategies lead to development of a broad family of graphene derivatives with organics through consequent chemistries and, together with our present study, enable a selective and controllable way to develop advanced 2D-heterostructures. Among all the potential applications we can envisage those requiring high selectivity, as those related to bio-sensing or bio-field-effect transistors10212728.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Highly selective covalent organic functionalization of epitaxial graphene

et al. 2017

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Graphene functionalization with organics is expected to be an important step for the development of graphene-based materials with tailored electronic properties. However, its high chemical inertness makes difficult a controlled and selective covalent functionalization, and most of the works performed up to the date report electrostatic molecular adsorption or unruly functionalization. We show hereafter a mechanism for promoting highly specific covalent bonding of any amino-terminated molecule and a description of the operating processes. We show, by different experimental techniques and theoretical methods, that the excess of charge at carbon dangling-bonds formed on single-atomic vacancies at the graphene surface induces enhanced reactivity towards a selective oxidation of the amino group and subsequent integration of the nitrogen within the graphene network. Remarkably, functionalized surfaces retain the electronic properties of pristine graphene. This study opens the door for development of graphene-based interfaces, as nano-bio-hybrid composites, fabrication of dielectrics, plasmonics or spintronics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Highly selective covalent organic functionalization of epitaxial graphene

et al. 2017

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“…Therefore, the harsh oxidation conditions used to introduce oxygen-containing functional groups to graphene during graphene oxide synthesis are bypassed. As a conductive solid-state 2D carboxylic acid, graphene acid may have many electrochemical applications in sensing, 7 batteries 54 and proton-conducting membranes. 55 Moreover, graphene acid forms highly stable and biocompatible aqueous colloids and its carboxylic acid groups readily undergo conjugation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanographene and Graphene Acid: Emerging Derivatives Enabling High-Yield and Selective Functionalization of Graphene

et al. 2017

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Efficient and selective methods for covalent derivatization of graphene are needed because they enable tuning of graphene’s surface and electronic properties, thus expanding its application potential. However, existing approaches based mainly on chemistry of graphene and graphene oxide achieve only limited level of functionalization due to chemical inertness of the surface and nonselective simultaneous attachment of different functional groups, respectively. Here we present a conceptually different route based on synthesis of cyanographene via the controllable substitution and defluorination of fluorographene. The highly conductive and hydrophilic cyanographene allows exploiting the complex chemistry of −CN groups toward a broad scale of graphene derivatives with very high functionalization degree. The consequent hydrolysis of cyanographene results in graphene acid, a 2D carboxylic acid with pKa of 5.2, showing excellent biocompatibility, conductivity and dispersibility in water and 3D supramolecular assemblies after drying. Further, the carboxyl groups enable simple, tailored and widely accessible 2D chemistry onto graphene, as demonstrated via the covalent conjugation with a diamine, an aminothiol and an aminoalcohol. The developed methodology represents the most controllable, universal and easy to use approach toward a broad set of 2D materials through consequent chemistries on cyanographene and on the prepared carboxy-, amino-, sulphydryl-, and hydroxy- graphenes.

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“…[115] The fluorine-enriched material could also be further functionalized with thiol groups for genosensing. [116] Underlying mechanisms and selectivity of the sensor are still under debate.…”

Section: Covalent Functionalizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing at the Surface of Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors

et al. 2016

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Abstract. 10Recent research trends now offer new opportunities for developing the next generations of label-free biochemical sensors using graphene and other two-dimensional materials. While the physics of graphene transistors operated in electrolyte is well grounded, important chemical challenges still remain to be addressed, namely the impact of the chemical functionalizations of graphene on the key electrical parameters and the sensing performances. In fact, graphene -at least ideal graphene -is highly chemically inert. The 15 functionalizations and chemical alterations of the graphene surface -both covalently and non-covalently -are crucial steps that define the sensitivity of graphene. The presence, reactivity, adsorption of gas and ions, proteins, DNA, cells and tissues on graphene have been successfully monitored with graphene. This review aims to unify most of the work done so far on biochemical sensing at the surface of a (chemically functionalized) graphene field-effect transistor and the challenges that lie ahead. We are convinced that graphene biochemical sensors 20 hold great promises to meet the ever-increasing demand for sensitivity, especially looking at the recent progresses suggesting that the obstacle of Debye screening can be overcome.2

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Thiofluorographene–Hydrophilic Graphene Derivative with Semiconducting and Genosensing Properties

Cited by 89 publications

References 42 publications

Highly selective covalent organic functionalization of epitaxial graphene

Highly selective covalent organic functionalization of epitaxial graphene

Cyanographene and Graphene Acid: Emerging Derivatives Enabling High-Yield and Selective Functionalization of Graphene

Sensing at the Surface of Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors

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