Thioether‐Functionalized Corn Oil Biosorbents for the Removal of Mercury and Silver Ions from Aqueous Solutions

Dunn, Robert O.; Bantchev, Grigor B.; Doll, Kenneth M.; Ascherl, Kim L.; Lansing, James C.; Murray, Rex E.

doi:10.1002/aocs.12089

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Murray et al [23] patented the extractive sequestration of heavy metals from heavy metal-contaminated solid, liquid or gaseous materials, by treating such matter with thiolfunctionalized fatty acids or thiol-functionalized lipids. Since the discovery, only sulphur-modified canola and corn oils have been tried [23,24,27]. Based on our recent comparative study of sorption potentials of thiolated oils with different levels of fatty acid unsaturation, derived from Elaeis guineensis and Glycine max, high level of unsaturation was found desirable [28], and studies have shown CMO to be of high iodine and peroxide values [20], suggesting good candidacy of thiolated CMO as heavy metal sink in wastewater treatment application.…”

Section: Further Background To the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The untapped industrial crop, Cucumeropsis mannii: dry oil extraction, characterization and potential use as biodiesel feedstock and heavy metal sink

Okwundu

Chiama

et al. 2021

Sustain Environ Res

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Due to the quest to meet a basic need – food, vast potentials of numerous African crops have remained unexplored. Cucumeropsis mannii, an invaluable West African melon, is cultivated for its edible proteinous oil-rich seeds. Here, we report for the first time, its potential use for biodiesel production over an uncommon heterogeneous nanocatalyst, and for wastewater treatment. An identification of the untapped species’ seed was made, for disambiguation. Oil (CMO) was expressed from the C. mannii seeds (CMS) and characterized. The CMS was found composed of 53.5% lipids, while 46.1% of the full-fat CMS flour was recovered as vegetable oil. Transesterification experiments were performed using a specially-prepared heterogeneous nanocatalyst derived from Eobania vermiculata shells, by varying successively: methanol/oil ratio, temperature, and reaction time. Maximum biodiesel (CMOME) yield of 86.2% was achieved at catalyst concentration of 5.4%, methanol to oil molar ratio of 9:1, reaction temperature of 60 °C, after 3 h of reaction. Furthermore, part of the polyunsaturated CMO was sulphur-functionalized and utilized at different dosage levels for extraction of Ag+ from 600 to 1500 ppm simulated water. The modified CMO exhibited desirable sorption properties – sinking 100% of Ag+ from 900 ppm water, after 7-h-phase-contact at 6.9 g (20 mL)− 1 dosage. Stagewise operation (multi-staging) was found capable of improving the extraction efficiency in highly concentrated wastewater. Although CMOME conformed to EN-14214 and ASTM D-6751 standards, it had low oxidation stability; making wastewater treatment a more faithful application. Regarding the crop’s food value, residual CMS cake remained edible, even with longer shelf-life (relative to the full-fat flour) – encouraging commercial flour-defattening and consequent availability of CMO for industrial applications. Lastly, it was concluded (with some relevant recommendations) that CMO has great potentials for use as biodiesel feedstock and as heavy metal removal agent.

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Section: Further Background To the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The untapped industrial crop, Cucumeropsis mannii: dry oil extraction, characterization and potential use as biodiesel feedstock and heavy metal sink

Okwundu

Chiama

et al. 2021

Sustain Environ Res

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“…By introducing a minute pre-vortexmixing stage, Murray et al [16] achieved faster equilibration (within 3 hours), using 0.3 g, each of TF-corn oil and TF-canola oil in 3 mL of 600 ppm Ag contaminated water. However, in another study [20], even with pre-vortex-mixing, equilibrium in Ag concentration could not be reached in less than 6 hours, with the co-existence of Hg ions. On the other hand, for liquid-solid adsorption, typical equilibrium contact time ranges from 0.25 to 2.5 hours [22,31].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Since we can barely quit using Ag, remediation strategies are therefore necessary. Besides, the few available works [16,20] on heavy metal remediation by extraction using TF-VOs employed Ag; we also employ Ag in order to have a basis for result comparison.…”

Section: Vegetable Oil + Alkanethiol → Thiolated Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These oils have quite distinct degrees of unsaturation and have not been tried in this application. We intend to see how the degree of unsaturation affects the performance of oils in this application and the possibility of utilizing other oils [15,16,20]. The outcome of our investigation would influence one's choice of oil for heavy metal sorption.…”

Section: Vegetable Oil + Alkanethiol → Thiolated Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, Bantchev et al [19] have investigated "Free radical addition of butanethiol to vegetable oil double bonds", establishing a means to thioether-functionalized vegetable oil (TF-VO) synthesis in the presence of ultraviolet radiation at wavelength, λ < 325 nm and the reaction scheme is as shown in Equation 1. Murray and co-workers have limited their studies to only two highly unsaturated oils (canola oil and/or corn oil) [15,16,20]. Such extractive sorption studies with oils of various levels of fatty acid unsaturation have not been experimentally instigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heavy metal sorption using thiolated oils of Elaeis guineensis and Glycine max

et al. 2020

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Sulphur-modification of matter confers improved heavy metal affinity and could be exploited in the treatment of heavy metal contaminated water. This paper is aimed at comparing the liquid-liquid Ag+ sorption capacities of normal and thiolated: palm oil (PO), palm kernel oil (PKO) and soybean oil (SBO), respectively. The vegetable oils were modified with 1-heptanethiol, and the thioether-functionalized (TF) oils were utilized for the removal of Ag+ present as a contaminant in water, while the unmodified oils acted as controls. The liquid-liquid equilibrium contact time was determined to be 6 hours. The result achieved after equilibration revealed the effectiveness of TF oils in the removal of Ag+ from a 600 ppm AgNO3 simulated water. While TF-SBO reduced the cation concentration to a level less than the detection limit, TF-PKO only showed appreciable sorption capacity (below 30%) relative to the normal oils. The order of Ag+ sorption capacity (TF-SBO > TF-PO > TF-PKO) was ascribed to various levels of unsaturation of fatty acid chains encountered in the lipids. A higher number of sorption-active TF sites is achievable with a greater degree of fatty acid unsaturation. On that note, highly unsaturated vegetable oils (such as that of Glycine max) were recommended.

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