Thioarsenate Formation Coupled with Anaerobic Arsenite Oxidation by a Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium Isolated from a Hot Spring

Wu, Geng; Huang, Liuqin; Jiang, Hongchen; Peng, Yue’e; Guo, Wei; Chen, Ziyu; She, Weiyu; Guo, Qinghai; Dong, Hailiang

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01336

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…In the presence of sulfate, sulfate-reducing bacteria outcompete methanogens under anaerobic conditions producing hydrogen sulfide, H 2 S. Geological processes can also lead to the presence of various forms of sulfur and subsequently formation of thioarsenates (H x As V S −II n O 4−n 3−x ; n = 1-4; x = 1-3) ( Besold et al, 2018 ). A sulfate reducing Gram-positive, obligately anaerobic soil bacterium, Desulfotomaculum TC-1, was shown to be able to couple anaerobic arsenite oxidation to production of arsenate, which can then be converted into thioarsenate, thereby linking these two processes ( Planer-Friedrich et al, 2015 ; Wu et al, 2017 ). Interestingly, volcanic thermal vents often contain high concentrations of sulfur and arsenic, possibly mimicking conditions of early life ( Hug et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Resistance To Organoarsenicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Arsenic Resistance Genes in Prokaryotes

et al. 2018

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Arsenic is a metalloid that occurs naturally in aquatic and terrestrial environments. The high toxicity of arsenic derivatives converts this element in a serious problem of public health worldwide. There is a global arsenic geocycle in which microbes play a relevant role. Ancient exposure to arsenic derivatives, both inorganic and organic, has represented a selective pressure for microbes to evolve or acquire diverse arsenic resistance genetic systems. In addition, arsenic compounds appear to have been used as a toxin in chemical warfare for a long time selecting for an extended range of arsenic resistance determinants. Arsenic resistance strategies rely mainly on membrane transport pathways that extrude the toxic compounds from the cell cytoplasm. The ars operons, first discovered in bacterial R-factors almost 50 years ago, are the most common microbial arsenic resistance systems. Numerous ars operons, with a variety of genes and different combinations of them, populate the prokaryotic genomes, including their accessory plasmids, transposons, and genomic islands. Besides these canonical, widespread ars gene clusters, which confer resistance to the inorganic forms of arsenic, additional genes have been discovered recently, which broadens the spectrum of arsenic tolerance by detoxifying organic arsenic derivatives often used as toxins. This review summarizes the presence, distribution, organization, and redundance of arsenic resistance genes in prokaryotes.

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Section: Resistance To Organoarsenicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Arsenic Resistance Genes in Prokaryotes

et al. 2018

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“…For example, a majority (up to 97%) of the sulfide produced on the Earth is attributable to the activity of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRPs) in mesophilic environments [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. In addition, SRP gain energy for cell synthesis and growth by coupling the reduction of sulfate (SO 4 2− ) to sulfide (H 2 S, HS − ) with cycling of carbon and nitrogen [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], and play an important role in arsenic geochemistry transformation [ 13 ]. Studying the diversity of SRP communities and the environmental variables affecting it is of great importance for understanding the biogeochemical cycle of sulfur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Temperature and Sulfate Concentration on the Sulfate/Sulfite Reduction Prokaryotic Communities in the Tibetan Hot Springs

She

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

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The distribution and diversity of sulfate/sulfite reduction prokaryotic (SRP) communities in hot springs from the Quzhuomu and Daggyai Geothermal Zone of Tibetan, China, was reported for the first time. In hot springs that are naturally hyperthermal and anoxic, the sulfur cycle is one of the most active cycles of the elements. The distribution of SRP in response to temperature is of great importance to the understanding of biogeochemical cycling of sulfur in geothermal features. Little is known about the SRP in geothermal zone. In this study, the diversity of SRP was investigated in the sediments from the Daggyai and Quzhuomu geothermal zone using PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing of the dissimilatory sulfite reductase beta subunit gene (dsrB). The abundance of dsrB and 16S rRNA genes, were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reactions. In addition, correlations of the SRP assemblages with environmental factors were analyzed by the aggregated boosted tree (ABT) statistical analysis. The results showed that SRP populations were diverse, but were mainly composed of Desulfobacterales, Desulfovibrionales, Syntrophobacterales, Clostridia and Nitrospirales, and large fraction (25%) of novel sequences have branched groups in the dsrB phylogenetic tree. In Quzhuomu geothermal zone, sulfate-rich hot springs are characterized by thick bacterial mats that are green or red and the SRP populations mainly appear at mid-temperature (50 °C to 70 °C). In low-sulfate hot springs in the Daggyai geothermal zone, although gray or pink streamers are widely formed at 60 °C to 80 °C, they prefer to inhabit in green mat at lower temperature (30 °C to 50 °C). With increasing temperature, the diversity of the dsrB gene at the OTU level (cutoff 97%) decreased, while its relative abundance increased. This result suggests that temperature played an important role in affecting dsrB gene distribution.

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“…The sole exception was Desulfotomaculum sp. TC-1 obtained by PCR amplification (Wu et al, 2017). This strain exhibits optimum growth at pH 6.8 and belongs to the phylum Firmicutes , although arx genes identified in this study were only in the genomes of Proteobacteria .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some previous studies, partial sequences of the arxA gene were obtained with the primer pair arxA_Deg_F_B/arxA_Deg_R_B (Zargar et al, 2012; Hamamura et al, 2014; Wu et al, 2017) (Table 1). The phylogenetic positions of these sequences were reexamined with reference ArxA sequences collected in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arsenite Oxidation by a Newly Isolated Betaproteobacterium Possessing arx Genes and Diversity of the arx Gene Cluster in Bacterial Genomes

2019

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Microbes play essential roles in arsenic transformation in the environment. Microbial arsenite oxidation is catalyzed by either of two distantly related arsenite oxidases, referred to as AIO and ARX. The arx genes encoding ARX and its regulatory proteins were originally defined in the genomes of gammaproteobacteria isolated from an alkaline soda lake. The arx gene cluster has been identified in a limited number of bacteria, predominantly in gammaproteobacteria isolated from lakes characterized by high pH and high salinity. In the present study, a novel arsenite-oxidizing betaproteobacterium, strain M52, was isolated from a hot spring microbial mat. The strain oxidized arsenite under both microaerophilic and nitrate-reducing conditions at nearly neutral pH. Genome analysis revealed that the strain possesses the arx gene cluster in its genome and lacks genes encoding AIO. Inspection of the bacterial genomes available in the GenBank database revealed that the presence of this gene cluster is restricted to genomes of Proteobacteria , mainly in the classes Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria . In these genomes, the structure of the gene cluster was generally well-conserved, but genes for regulatory proteins were lacking in genomes of strains belonging to a specific lineage. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that ARX encoded in the genomes can be divided into three groups, and strain M52 belongs to a group specific for organisms living in low-salt environments. The ArxA protein encoded in the genome of strain M52 was characterized by the presence of a long insertion, which was specifically observed in the same group of ARX. In clone library analyses with a newly designed primer pair, a diverse ArxA sequence with a long insertion was detected in samples of lake water and hot spring microbial mat, characterized by low salinity and a nearly neutral pH. Among the isolated bacterial strains whose arsenite oxidation has been demonstrated, strain M52 is the first betaproteobacterium that possesses the arx genes, the first strain encoding ARX of the group specific for low-salt environments, and the first organism possessing the gene encoding ArxA with a long insertion.

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Thioarsenate Formation Coupled with Anaerobic Arsenite Oxidation by a Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium Isolated from a Hot Spring

Cited by 33 publications

References 79 publications

Distribution of Arsenic Resistance Genes in Prokaryotes

Distribution of Arsenic Resistance Genes in Prokaryotes

Influence of Temperature and Sulfate Concentration on the Sulfate/Sulfite Reduction Prokaryotic Communities in the Tibetan Hot Springs

Arsenite Oxidation by a Newly Isolated Betaproteobacterium Possessing arx Genes and Diversity of the arx Gene Cluster in Bacterial Genomes

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