Thinking styles, schizotypal traits and anomalous experiences

Wolfradt, Uwe; Oubaid, Viktor; Straube, Eckart R.; Bischoff, N.; Mischo, Johannes

doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(99)00031-8

Cited by 82 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This was consistent with the findings of Wolfradt et al (1999), whose participants with a complementary (high rational, high intuitive) thinking style showed the highest level of belief in the paranormal and self-assessed ability.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Substantial empirical evidence has linked paranormal belief to a preference for intuitive thinking (e.g., Epstein et al, 1996;Wolfradt, Oubaid, Straube, Bischoff, & Mischo, 1999;Irwin & Young, 2002;Aarnio & Lindeman, 2005;see French & Stone, 2014, for a review).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A possible resolution to the apparent contradiction was suggested by the observation of Wolfradt et al (1999) that the group with the complementary thinking style (high intuitive and high rational) also reported the highest selfassessed psychic abilities (effect size was not reported). Perhaps a strong belief in one's own psychic ability demands an exercise of rational processes to justify and sustain the belief, and this in turn might create a stronger commitment to the belief.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rational Thinking and Belief in Psychic Abilities

Stone

2016

Psychol Rep

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Previous research has shown that lay believers in psychic abilities are more prone to intuitive thinking, less inclined to rational thinking, and have an external locus of control, compared to non-believers. Psychic practitioners, however, may have different characteristics. Psychic practitioners (n ¼ 31; M age ¼ 42.7 yr., SD ¼ 13.1), lay believers (n ¼ 33; M age ¼ 33.0 yr., SD ¼ 10.3), and non-believers (n ¼ 31; M age ¼ 34.4 yr., SD ¼ 15.4) completed questionnaires measuring thinking styles, locus of control, and psychic belief. Comparisons of lay believers with non-believers confirmed previous observations: believers had a higher propensity for intuitive thinking, lower propensity for rational thinking, and more external locus of control. In contrast, practitioners were equivalent to non-believers in rational thinking and had the highest internal locus of control. This highlights the importance of considering level of involvement with psychic practice in understanding the thinking styles of believers. Results suggested that practitioners may have rationalized their beliefs and constructed a coherent model of psychic phenomena that satisfies a propensity for rational thinking within a community of belief.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rational Thinking and Belief in Psychic Abilities

Stone

2016

Psychol Rep

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“…Indeed, high MI might also predict a later mood disorder (Chapman et al, 1994) and is a common feature not only of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders but also a symptom of some personality disorders (eg Lyons et al, 1995;Kwapil et al, 1997). Thus, positive schizotypy may be accompanied by a relative hyperdopaminergia, but yet reflects just one of the many DA-mediated variations of the human mind and personality (Horrobin, 1998;Previc, 1999) accompanied by distinct cognitive capacities (Gianotti et al, 2001;Weinstein and Graves, 2002) and, ultimately, an unusual way of perceiving the world (Wolfradt et al, 1999;Sto + ckenius and Brugger, 2000;McCreery and Claridge, 2002;Van de Ven and Merckelbach, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonstereotyped Responding in Positive Schizotypy after a Single Dose of Levodopa

Möhr

Landis

Sándor

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Stereotyped behavior and left-sided orientation biases, associated with the dopamine (DA) system, were observed in populations of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We investigated whether heightened DA concentrations influence both side biases and stereotyped responding in a visuo-motor computer task, in which 90, 180, and 2701 rotated objects had to be brought into a target position. To account for the role of the schizophrenia spectrum, task performance was also analyzed as a function of healthy participants' high or low magical ideation (MI), a positive schizotypal feature. The first 36 participants (20 women) remained substance free. In a second sample, 20 men received levodopa and 20 men a placebo in a double-blind procedure. Results showed that high MI scorers responded more stereotyped than low MI scorers, without being specifically biased towards the left side. Rotation preferences toward one or the other side made high MI scorers less flexible for objects efficiently to be rotated into the opposite direction. This inflexibility may reflect impaired left hemisphere functioning. Unexpectedly, in the levodopa group, high MI scorers performed superior to low MI scorers. Since DA actions appear to follow an inverted U-shape function, the 'low' performing high MI scorers profited from the enhanced DA availability. Our observation in the levodopa group points to a dissociation between schizotypy and schizophrenia: while cognitive improvement in schizophrenia can occur after treatment with atypical neuroleptic agents, in our positive schizotypal participants a DA agonist resulted in improved task performance. This dissociation may point to protective neurochemical mechanisms preventing healthy schizotypes from developing full-blown psychotic symptoms.

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“…Chapman y Chapman (1987) concluyeron que los aspectos perceptuales de la esquizotipia y el pensamiento mágico son indicadores de procesos que están relacionados con la vulnerabilidad a la psicosis. Por ejemplo, Wolfradt, Oubaid, Straube, Bischoff y Mischo (1999), utilizando el Inventario de Experiencias Anómalas (Gallagher, Kumar y Pekala, 1994), y el cuestionario de personalidad esquizotípica (Raine y Benishay, 1995) encontraron que las creencias y las experiencias paranormales estaban fuertemente correlacionadas con la esquizotipia positiva.…”

Section: This Study Examines Paranormal Experiences Perceived In Diffunclassified

Marco referencial de las creencias y experiencias paranormales y su relación con la esquizotipia positiva/negativa

Parra

2015

Persona

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Thinking styles, schizotypal traits and anomalous experiences

Cited by 82 publications

References 23 publications

Rational Thinking and Belief in Psychic Abilities

Rational Thinking and Belief in Psychic Abilities

Nonstereotyped Responding in Positive Schizotypy after a Single Dose of Levodopa

Marco referencial de las creencias y experiencias paranormales y su relación con la esquizotipia positiva/negativa

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