Thinking on Treating Echolalia in Aphasia: Recommendations and Caveats for Future Research Directions

Berthier, Marcelo L.; Torres‐Prioris, María José; López-Barroso, Diana

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00164

Cited by 18 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The results of functional connectivity studies suggest that verbal repetition is sustained by both language processing and general domain cognitive control abilities (Berthier et al, 2017 ). In our previous work (Ghazi-Saidi et al, 2013 ), we examined network integration changes within and between the language and cognitive control networks in a group of Persian native speakers (L1) learning French words (linguistically distant L2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second Language Word Learning through Repetition and Imitation: Functional Networks as a Function of Learning Phase and Language Distance

Saidi

Ansaldo

2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Introduction and Aim: Repetition and imitation are among the oldest second language (L2) teaching approaches and are frequently used in the context of L2 learning and language therapy, despite some heavy criticism. Current neuroimaging techniques allow the neural mechanisms underlying repetition and imitation to be examined. This fMRI study examines the influence of verbal repetition and imitation on network configuration. Integration changes within and between the cognitive control and language networks were studied, in a pair of linguistically close languages (Spanish and French), and compared to our previous work on a distant language pair (Ghazi-Saidi et al., 2013).Methods: Twelve healthy native Spanish-speaking (L1) adults, and 12 healthy native Persian-speaking adults learned 130 new French (L2) words, through a computerized audiovisual repetition and imitation program. The program presented colored photos of objects. Participants were instructed to look at each photo and pronounce its name as closely as possible to the native template (imitate). Repetition was encouraged as many times as necessary to learn the object’s name; phonological cues were provided if necessary. Participants practiced for 15 min, over 30 days, and were tested while naming the same items during fMRI scanning, at week 1 (shallow learning phase) and week 4 (consolidation phase) of training. To compare this set of data with our previous work on Persian speakers, a similar data analysis plan including accuracy rates (AR), response times (RT), and functional integration values for the language and cognitive control network at each measure point was included, with further L1-L2 direct comparisons across the two populations.Results and Discussion: The evidence shows that learning L2 words through repetition induces neuroplasticity at the network level. Specifically, L2 word learners showed increased network integration after 3 weeks of training, with both close and distant language pairs. Moreover, higher network integration was observed in the learners with the close language pair, suggesting that repetition effects on network configuration vary as a function of task complexity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second Language Word Learning through Repetition and Imitation: Functional Networks as a Function of Learning Phase and Language Distance

Saidi

Ansaldo

2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…The high (~74%) prevalence of ambient or incidental echolalia, relative to automatic or induced echolalia (~0.08%), is also noteworthy. These two types of echolalia perhaps share distinct mechanisms—while a disconnection of the perisylvian language area from the temporoparietal cortex is associated with induced echolalia, incidental echolalia is associated with lesions in the medial frontal and anterior cingulate cortices leading to altered control of shared representations (self‐other distinctions) and evaluation of outcomes . In addition, treatment of echolalia with lorazepam was associated with a reduction in putative MNS‐activity as described in a single case report .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Elevated mirror neuron system activity in bipolar mania: Evidence from a transcranial magnetic stimulation study

et al. 2018

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| INTRODUC TI ONBipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder with high rates of relapses and recurrences and is among the leading causes of disability worldwide. 1 A sound understanding of its biological substrates will not only help device better treatments but also facilitate identifying a neuroscience-informed and psychopathologydependent set of biomarkers. The current understanding of brain network disturbances in BD is centered on the theory of diminished prefrontal regulation of anterior limbic emotion processing structures. 2,3 In bipolar mania, this is supported by the observations of a diminished functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex/ anterior cingulate and the amygdala, 3,4 along with an increased functional connectivity of the amygdala with the inferior frontal gyrus 5 and the supplementary motor area. 4 Interestingly, both the inferior frontal gyrus 6 and the supplementary motor area 7 have "mirroring"Objectives: The role of the "mirror neuron system" (MNS) in the pathophysiology of mood disorders is not well studied. Given its posited role in the often-impaired socioemotional processes like intention detection, empathy, and imitation, we compared putative MNS-activity in patients with bipolar mania and healthy comparison subjects. We also examined the association between putative MNS-activity and hyperimitative behaviors in patients. Methods:We studied 39 medication-free individuals diagnosed with mania and 45 healthy comparison subjects. TMS-evoked motor cortical reactivity was measured via single-and paired-pulse stimuli (assessing SICI-short and LICI-long interval intracortical inhibition) while subjects viewed a static image and goal-directed actions.Manic symptom severity and imitative behaviors were quantified using the Young's Mania Rating Scale and a modification of the Echolalia Questionnaire. Results: Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated a significant group ×time interaction effect indicating greater facilitation of cortical reactivity during action-observation (putative MNS-activity) in the patient group as compared to the healthy group. While LICI-mediated MNS-activity had a significant association with manic symptom severity (r = 0.35, P = 0.038), SICI-mediated MNS-activity was significantly associated with incidental echolalia scores in a subgroup of 17 patients with incidental echolalia (r = 0.75, P < 0.001).Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that putative MNS-activity is heightened in mania, possibly because of disinhibition, and associated with behavioral consequences (incidental echolalia). K E Y W O R D Sbipolar disorder, corticospinal facilitation, echolalia, mirror neurons, motor resonance

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“…The attempt of the dorsal stream to compensate for the deficit might result in mitigated echolalia (ME). Echolalia is defined as the repetition of words and/or utterances spoken by another person (Berthier et al, 2017a ), and ME is a mild form of echolalia characterized by the introduction of changes (intonation or verbal content) as an echoed emission, in general for communicative purposes (Pick, 1924 ; Berthier et al, 2017a , b ; López-Barroso et al, 2017 ). ME usually occurs in fluent aphasia due to lesions of the ventral stream, which typically disrupt auditory comprehension at the word and sentence levels (Berthier et al, 2017b ) but can also be observed in nonfluent aphasias (e.g., Broca’s aphasia; Hadano et al, 1998 ; López-Barroso et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Compensatory Functions Of Language-related White Matter Tracmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language Learning Variability within the Dorsal and Ventral Streams as a Cue for Compensatory Mechanisms in Aphasia Recovery

López-Barroso

Diego‐Balaguer

2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Dorsal and ventral pathways connecting perisylvian language areas have been shown to be functionally and anatomically segregated. Whereas the dorsal pathway integrates the sensory-motor information required for verbal repetition, the ventral pathway has classically been associated with semantic processes. The great individual differences characterizing language learning through life partly correlate with brain structure and function within these dorsal and ventral language networks. Variability and plasticity within these networks also underlie inter-individual differences in the recovery of linguistic abilities in aphasia. Despite the division of labor of the dorsal and ventral streams, studies in healthy individuals have shown how the interaction of them and the redundancy in the areas they connect allow for compensatory strategies in functions that are usually segregated. In this mini-review we highlight the need to examine compensatory mechanisms between streams in healthy individuals as a helpful guide to choosing the most appropriate rehabilitation strategies, using spared functions and targeting preserved compensatory networks for brain plasticity.

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Thinking on Treating Echolalia in Aphasia: Recommendations and Caveats for Future Research Directions

Cited by 18 publications

References 63 publications

Second Language Word Learning through Repetition and Imitation: Functional Networks as a Function of Learning Phase and Language Distance

Second Language Word Learning through Repetition and Imitation: Functional Networks as a Function of Learning Phase and Language Distance

Elevated mirror neuron system activity in bipolar mania: Evidence from a transcranial magnetic stimulation study

Language Learning Variability within the Dorsal and Ventral Streams as a Cue for Compensatory Mechanisms in Aphasia Recovery

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