Thinking about <scp>U</scp>: Theorizing and testing <scp>U</scp>‐ and inverted <scp>U</scp>‐shaped relationships in strategy research

Haans, Richard Franciscus Johannes; Pieters, Constant; He, Zi-Lin

doi:10.1002/smj.2399

Cited by 1,501 publications

(1,475 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…We confirmed that that the expression 2 ⁄ , with the coefficient on the linear term, on the square term, on the linear interaction and on the squared interaction, respectively, is negative, in support of a shift of the curve to the left (Haans et al, 2016) -although the Wald test narrowly rejected significance of this expression. The sign and significance of confirms a flattening of the curve.…”

Section: -------------------------------Insert Table 1 About Here ---supporting

confidence: 65%

Corporate venture capital (CVC) investments and technological performance: Geographic diversity and the interplay with technology alliances

Belderbos

Jacob

Lokshin

2018

Journal of Business Venturing

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Firms are increasingly operating portfolios of geographically dispersed CVC investments for accessing a variety of location-specific knowledge, often alongside traditional external knowledge-sourcing strategies such as technology alliances. We examine the conditions under which geographic diversity in corporate venture capital (CVC) investments has positive consequences for firms' technological performance in the context of simultaneously pursued technology alliance strategies. We find that geographic diversity in CVC portfolios enhances performance as long as firms avoid knowledge redundancy in knowledge-sourcing arising from geographic overlaps with technology alliances, and the managerial complexity, coordination costs, and resource constraints stemming from the simultaneous pursuit of diversity in both technology alliances and CVC investments. Our inferences draw on a panel data set on the patents, CVC investments, and technology alliances of 55 CVC-active firms in a variety of industries.3

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confidence: 65%

Corporate venture capital (CVC) investments and technological performance: Geographic diversity and the interplay with technology alliances

Belderbos

Jacob

Lokshin

2018

Journal of Business Venturing

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“…We average internally resourced R&D investment and externally resourced R&D investment only for cases that exhibit valid values for both constituting variables. In line with the widely accepted method in strategic management (Haans et al, 2016), we also include a linear and a squared term to allow for an inverted U-shaped impact of R&D intensity on firm performance.…”

Section: Independent Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of R&D intensity and internationalization on the performance of non-high-tech SMEs

Booltink¹,

Saka‐Helmhout

2017

International Small Business Journal

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Research and Development (R&D) investment is seen as a fundamental driver of high-tech small and medium-sized (SME) firm performance. However, the same driver may be constraining growth among non-high-tech SMEs as it increases the level of risk faced by such firms. We challenge this argument by examining the relationship between R&D intensity and performance among nonhigh-tech SMEs. While the size of R&D investments is, by definition, limited in the non-high-tech sector, our study shows that such investments are important for non-high-tech firms. There is, however, an inverted U-shaped relationship between R&D intensity and performance among non-high-tech SMEs. Furthermore, increased internationalization leads non-high-tech SMEs to exploit their R&D investment more effectively to enhance firm performance, provided that R&D investment levels exceed a critical threshold.

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“…Assim como com a variável dependente, a base de medição foi trimestral. Tendo em vista o comportamento curvilíneo da relação entre a variável foco e a variável dependente, a variável foco também foi inserida no modelo de regressão em sua forma quadrática (Haans, Pieters, & He, 2016).…”

Section: Variável Independenteunclassified

Desempenho de Empresas Diversificadas: Evidências da Indústria de Transporte Aéreo dos Estados Unidos

2018

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Resumo Este artigo analisa o efeito da estratégia de diversificação relacionada no desempenho das firmas. Com base em uma amostra de cerca de 70% das companhias aéreas dos Estados Unidos, o trabalho investiga a relação entre o grau de diversificação e a lucratividade das firmas. Foram utilizados modelos de regressão linear múltipla com dados longitudinais (i.e., 6 anos), cuja estimação dos parâmetros foi feita pelo método dos momentos generalizado (GMM). A pesquisa identifica que o padrão de relação entre a extensão da diversificação e o desempenho é curvilíneo na forma de U-invertido. Portanto, a expansão do escopo dos negócios das firmas com a estratégia de diversificação relacionada aumenta os esforços de coordenação que, a partir de certo momento, penalizam os benefícios dessa estratégia.

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Thinking about U: Theorizing and testing U‐ and inverted U‐shaped relationships in strategy research

Cited by 1,501 publications

References 69 publications

Corporate venture capital (CVC) investments and technological performance: Geographic diversity and the interplay with technology alliances

Corporate venture capital (CVC) investments and technological performance: Geographic diversity and the interplay with technology alliances

The effects of R&D intensity and internationalization on the performance of non-high-tech SMEs

Desempenho de Empresas Diversificadas: Evidências da Indústria de Transporte Aéreo dos Estados Unidos

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