Abstract:The eye is probably the most attractive site of the body for treatment using locally delivered therapeutic agents. An ideal indication for such an approach is noninfectious posterior uveitis. Since intraocular structures of the posterior segment are difficult to reach and are otherwise accessible only by systemic treatment, current interest is focused on the pros and cons of intravitreal drug delivery. Because of its chronic and recurrent nature, the long-term release of anti-inflammatory agents is a major tre… Show more
“…For example, antibacterial therapy typically requires sustained local concentrations for periods of days to weeks, whereas some diseases, such as tuberculosis, necessitate daily doses of antibiotics for at least 6 mo (1). Other diseases also have demonstrated benefits from a long-term multimonth drug regimen, including cystic fibrosis (2), ankylosing spondylitis (3), and chronic uveitis (4).…”
Long-term, localized delivery of small molecules from a biodegradable thin film is challenging owing to their low molecular weight and poor charge density. Accomplishing highly extended controlled release can facilitate high therapeutic levels in specific regions of the body while significantly reducing the toxicity to vital organs typically caused by systemic administration and decreasing the need for medical intervention because of its longlasting release. Also important is the ability to achieve high drug loadings in thin film coatings to allow incorporation of significant drug amounts on implant surfaces. Here we report a sustained release formulation for small molecules based on a soluble charged polymer-drug conjugate that is immobilized into nanoscale, conformal, layer-by-layer assembled films applicable to a variety of substrate surfaces. We measured a highly predictable sustained drug release from a polymer thin film coating of 0.5-2.7 μm that continued for more than 14 mo with physiologically relevant drug concentrations, providing an important drug delivery advance. We demonstrated this effect with a potent small molecule nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac, because this drug can be used to address chronic pain, osteoarthritis, and a range of other critical medical issues.NSAID | polyelectrolyte multilayers | polymer prodrug
“…For example, antibacterial therapy typically requires sustained local concentrations for periods of days to weeks, whereas some diseases, such as tuberculosis, necessitate daily doses of antibiotics for at least 6 mo (1). Other diseases also have demonstrated benefits from a long-term multimonth drug regimen, including cystic fibrosis (2), ankylosing spondylitis (3), and chronic uveitis (4).…”
Long-term, localized delivery of small molecules from a biodegradable thin film is challenging owing to their low molecular weight and poor charge density. Accomplishing highly extended controlled release can facilitate high therapeutic levels in specific regions of the body while significantly reducing the toxicity to vital organs typically caused by systemic administration and decreasing the need for medical intervention because of its longlasting release. Also important is the ability to achieve high drug loadings in thin film coatings to allow incorporation of significant drug amounts on implant surfaces. Here we report a sustained release formulation for small molecules based on a soluble charged polymer-drug conjugate that is immobilized into nanoscale, conformal, layer-by-layer assembled films applicable to a variety of substrate surfaces. We measured a highly predictable sustained drug release from a polymer thin film coating of 0.5-2.7 μm that continued for more than 14 mo with physiologically relevant drug concentrations, providing an important drug delivery advance. We demonstrated this effect with a potent small molecule nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac, because this drug can be used to address chronic pain, osteoarthritis, and a range of other critical medical issues.NSAID | polyelectrolyte multilayers | polymer prodrug
“…It releases active drug at a rate of 0.3-0.4 mcg/day over a period of *2.5 years. [14][15][16] Several studies have demonstrated its efficacy in reducing recurrence, improving vision, better control of inflammation compared to systemic therapy, and reducing the need for systemic immunosuppressive medication in noninfectious posterior uveitis and panuveitis. [16][17][18][19] A randomized, controlled, phase II/III trial demonstrated a lower rate of recurrence of uveitis in Retisertimplanted eyes (18.2%) compared with those receiving systemic corticosteroids (63.5%).…”
Ocular drug delivery by conventional routes of administration does not maintain therapeutic drug concentrations in the target tissues for a long duration because of various anatomical and physiological barriers. Treatment of diseases of the posterior segment of the eye requires novel drug delivery systems that can overcome these barriers for efficacious delivery, provide controlled release for the treatment of chronic diseases, and increase patient's and doctor's convenience to reduce the dosing frequency and associated side effects. Thereby, an increasing number of sustained-release drug delivery devices using different mechanisms have been developed. This article discusses various current and future sustained-release drug delivery systems for the posterior segment disorders.
“…The first of these Mini Reviews will be found in this volume of Ophthalmic Research [1]. We start with a topic that has been a focus of the journal for several years: intravitreal drug delivery.…”
Section: Focus On: Intravitreal Therapy In Noninfectious Uveitismentioning
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