Thin-layer chromatography of rat bile and urine following intravenous administration of pesticidal synergists

Microsomal metabolism of the 1,3-benzodioxole ring and its possible significance in synergistic action

“…The metabolites unequivocally identified are largely those resulting from attack by conjugative enzymes on the side chain moiety of the phenyl ring. More recent studies have established the in vivo metabolism of several 1,3-benzodioxoles in houseflies (Wilkinson, 1967), and other investigations (Fishbein et al, 1967a, b) have shown that a number of commercial synergists are chemically altered and excreted largely in the bile following intravenous injection into rats. The most comprehensive investigation to date is that of Casida et al (1966).…”

Mixed-function oxidase involvement in the biochemistry of insecticide synergists

“…Mice and rats metabolize orally administered pb by extensive demethylenation and oxidation (70%) of the M-C14-DP preparation to C1402 and by formation of small amounts of 6-propylpiperonyl glycine; there are many unidentified metabolites, most of which lack the MDP grouping (Casida et al, 1966;Kamienski and Casida, 1970). Intravenous administration of pb to rats yields a large number of unidentified metabolites in bile and urine as determined by tic and selective chromogenic reagents (Fishbein et al, 1967a) or by radioactivity from the -C14 and M-Cl4-DP preparations Fishbein et al, 1968. The lungs and fat are major storage depots for C14 from labeled pb (a-C14 and M-Cl4-DP), the lungs containing up to 15% of the dose as unmetabolized material 8 hr after intravenous injection .…”

“…Tropital (IX) metabolism in houseflies, mice, rats, and hamsters involves less extensive conversion of the M-C14-DP preparation to C1402 than with pb or sulfoxide; this is so because the acetal group is rapidly cleaved by hydrolysis and/ or oxidation to yield piperonylic acid, which is excreted as the glycine and glucuronide conjugates in mammals (Kamienski and Casida, 1970) and as conjugates with alanine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, and serine in houseflies Casida, 1968, 1969). Following intravenous administration to rats, a large number of metabolites of labeled or unlabeled Tropital appear in bile and urine but, for the most part, their amounts and composition are not known (Fishbein et al, 1967a(Fishbein et al, ,c, 1968 . Butyl carbitol, the probable cleavage product from the acetal (and from pb), is converted to many unidentified metabolites after intravenous administration to rats (Fishbein et al, 1967a(Fishbein et al, , 1968).…”

“…Following intravenous administration to rats, a large number of metabolites of labeled or unlabeled Tropital appear in bile and urine but, for the most part, their amounts and composition are not known (Fishbein et al, 1967a(Fishbein et al, ,c, 1968 . Butyl carbitol, the probable cleavage product from the acetal (and from pb), is converted to many unidentified metabolites after intravenous administration to rats (Fishbein et al, 1967a(Fishbein et al, , 1968).…”

“…Tests for possible teratogenicity of pb (VI) in two mice strains show no significant increase in anomalies; also, pb does not show an overall increase in nonspecific anomalies produced by carbaryl, although it results in significantly more cystic kidneys (Bionetics Report referred to by Mrak, 1969). At high levels in rats, pb and sulfoxide (VII) increase bile flow (Falk et al, 1965) while safrole (III) and Tropital (IX) sometimes alter the cholic acid and cholesterol level in bile (Fishbein et al, 1967a(Fishbein et al, ,b, 1968). The observation that pb increases the severity in living rats of pathological changes in the liver induced by pyrethrins leads to the conclusion (Kimbrough et al, 1968) that variation in the extent of using synergized pyrethrins (aerosol sprays) at different times has an effect on the variation of the extent of liver cell changes observed with various compounds by other investigators.…”