Thin−layer chromatography of phenolic glycosides and its use as a screening procedure for the genus salix

Audette, R. C. S.; Blunden, Gerald; Steele, John W.; Wong, Charles S.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)98254-8

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Salicin was identified by matching retention times with commercially available salicin (Sigma, lot 22F-0441). Picien and triandrin were identified by thin-layer chromatography following methods of Audette et al ( 1966).…”

Section: Chemical Analysis and Bomb Calorimetry Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of Snowshoe Hare and Feltleaf Willow in Alaska

Bryant¹,

Wieland²,

Clausen³

et al. 1985

Ecology

102

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Evidence from experimental feeding trials and chemical analysis showed that, when severe winter browsing of adult—form Alaska feltleaf willow (Salix alaxensis) causes it to revert to juvenile—form stump sprouts, the twigs are unpalatable and of lower nutritional quality to the hares than are twigs of adult—form S. alaxensis plants. Further feeding choice trials demonstrated that the palatability of winter—dormant S. alaxensis to snowshoe hares is a function of the age of the sprout and its chemistry rather than the accessibility (height) or morphology of the twigs. The low nutritional quality of juvenile sprouts is partially caused by decreased dry matter and nitrogen digestibility, which may be related to increased lignin and phenolic content of the twigs. This browsing—induced resistance to future winter browsing by hares relaxes within 3 yr and within the height range of twigs normally available to snowshoe hares in winter. These results are compatible with hypothesis that the inducation and relaxation of resistance to browsing in the preferred winter food of snowshoe hares is a cause of the well—known 10—yr snowshoe hare cycle.

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Section: Chemical Analysis and Bomb Calorimetry Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of Snowshoe Hare and Feltleaf Willow in Alaska

Bryant¹,

Wieland²,

Clausen³

et al. 1985

Ecology

102

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“…The chlorophyll-free residue was dissolved in a minimal amount of methanol and spotted on silica gel-G-ftuorescent TLC plate. The plate was developed according to Audette et al (1966) in the solvent EtOAc/xylene/HCOOH/HOH (35:1:2:2), and the Rfs determined after spraying with diluted H2S04 to develop typical color reactions. Provisional identifications of the resolved compounds were made according to published data (Audette et al 1966).…”

Section: Thin Layer Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

How Aphids Choose Leaves: The Roles of Phenolics in Host Selection by a Galling Aphid

Zucker¹

1982

Ecology

123

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The aphid Pemphigus betae does not induce galls at random on leaves of its host plant, Populus angustifolia (narrowleaf cottonwood). Probability of stem mother success in forming a gall, body mass of stem mother and progeny, number of progeny, development rate of progeny to maturity and numbers of embryos in mature progeny are all correlated positively with leaf size at maturity. Leaf size at maturity is predictable from leaf position in the shoot at bud burst (Whitham 1978, 1980). The major secondary compounds of the host plant are known phenol glycosides. Using the Folin Denis assay for total phenol determination, a strong inverse correlation has been established between the concentration of total phenols and suitability of a tree, leaf, or leaf section for galling at the time of bud burst, when the colonizing stem mothers are at the peak of their activity. Expanding leaves within the same shoot have different phenol concentrations; the potentially largest leaves have lower phenol levels. Leaves containing one or more incipient galls have lower phenols levels than leaves without galls. Phenol concentrations in leaves are not uniform; the existence of phenol gradients in leaves is demonstrated. In a comparison between two neighboring trees that are differentially infested with colonizing aphids, the tree with the higher aphid numbers per leaf has lower phenol levels in its leaves. These same leaves were shown to posses different average phenol gradients, suggesting that phenol gradients play a role in microhabitat selection. These findings are consistent with the known biology and territorial behavior of the aphid and provide a chemical basis for continuing studies on aphid habitat selection and fitness.

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“…Historically, screening work of salicinoids used only qualitative methods, such as thin-layer chromatography [27] , [37] , [38] , as opposed to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques presently used for identification and quantification [2] , [29] , [33] , [39] . In addition, species specific profiles have often been based on analyses of a limited number of individuals (e.g., [27] , [37] , [38] ). At the population level, surveying only a few individuals increases the risk of underestimating natural product diversity and abundance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Evidence of Geographical Structure of Salicinoid Chemotypes within Populus Tremula

et al. 2014

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Salicinoids are well-known defense compounds in salicaceous trees and careful screening at the population level is warranted to fully understand their diversity and function. European aspen, Populus tremula, is a foundation species in Eurasia and highly polymorphic in Sweden. We exhaustively surveyed 102 replicated genotypes from the Swedish Aspen collection (SwAsp) for foliar salicinoids using UHPLC-ESI-TOF/MS and identified nine novel compounds, bringing the total to 19 for this species. Salicinoid structure followed a modular architecture of a salicin skeleton with added side groups, alone or in combination. Two main moieties, 2′-cinnamoyl and 2′-acetyl, grouped the SwAsp population into four distinct chemotypes, and the relative allocation of salicinoids was remarkably constant between different environments, implying a highly channeled biosynthesis of these compounds. Slightly more than half of the SwAsp genotypes belonged to the cinnamoyl chemotype. A fraction synthesized the acetyl moiety alone (∼7%) or in combination with cinnamoyl (∼2%), and close to forty percent lacked either of the two characteristic moieties, and thus resemble P. tremuloides in their salicinoid profile. The two most abundant chemotypes were evenly distributed throughout Sweden, unlike geographical patterns reported for SwAsp phenology traits, plant defense genes, and herbivore community associations. Here we present the salicinoid characterization of the SwAsp collection as a resource for future studies of aspen chemical ecology, salicinoid biosynthesis, and genetics.

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Thin−layer chromatography of phenolic glycosides and its use as a screening procedure for the genus salix

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

Interactions of Snowshoe Hare and Feltleaf Willow in Alaska

Interactions of Snowshoe Hare and Feltleaf Willow in Alaska

How Aphids Choose Leaves: The Roles of Phenolics in Host Selection by a Galling Aphid

No Evidence of Geographical Structure of Salicinoid Chemotypes within Populus Tremula

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