Thin film organic electrochemical transistors based on hybrid PANI/PEDOT:PSS active layers for enhanced pH sensing

Demuru, Silvia; Kunnel, Brince Paul; Briand, D.

doi:10.1016/j.biosx.2021.100065

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Moreover, PANI showed excellent pH sensitivity when utilized in different types of PANI-based pH sensors [40]. PANI films can be obtained by different fabrication methods such as in situ chemical oxidative polymerization [41], γ-irradiation [42], spraying and drop casting [43], plasma polymerization [44], Buchwald-Hartwig polymerization [45], dip coating [46], spin coating [47] and electro-polymerization [48]. Among the different manufacturing methods, the electrochemical one appears extremely interesting because it is fast, easy to scale and simple.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PANI-Based Wearable Electrochemical Sensor for pH Sweat Monitoring

et al. 2021

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Nowadays, we are assisting in the exceptional growth in research relating to the development of wearable devices for sweat analysis. Sweat is a biofluid that contains useful health information and allows a non-invasive, continuous and comfortable collection. For this reason, it is an excellent biofluid for the detection of different analytes. In this work, electrochemical sensors based on polyaniline thin films deposited on the flexible substrate polyethylene terephthalate coated with indium tin oxide were studied. Polyaniline thin films were abstained by the potentiostatic deposition technique, applying a potential of +2 V vs. SCE for 90 s. To improve the sensor performance, the electronic substrate was modified with reduced graphene oxide, obtained at a constant potential of −0.8 V vs. SCE for 200 s, and then polyaniline thin films were electrodeposited on top of the as-deposited substrate. All samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, static contact angle and FT-IR/ATR analysis to correlate the physical-chemical features with the performance of the sensors. The obtained electrodes were tested as pH sensors in the range from 2 to 8, showing good behavior, with a sensitivity of 62.3 mV/pH, very close to a Nernstian response, and a reproducibility of 3.8%. Interference tests, in the presence of competing ions, aimed to verify the selectivity, were also performed. Finally, a real sweat sample was collected, and the sweat pH was quantified with both the proposed sensor and a commercial pH meter, showing an excellent concordance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PANI-Based Wearable Electrochemical Sensor for pH Sweat Monitoring

et al. 2021

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“…[34][35][36][37] Also, because digital manufacturing techniques, such as inkjet printing, can be applied for their fabrication, OECTs are promising candidates for the development of low-cost and multi-sensing biochemical platforms on flexible substrates, such as polymeric foil. 38,39 OECT-based devices have already proved their accuracy in the detection of multiple analytes such as ions, 38,40,41 hormones, 35 proteins, 42 and metabolites. 43 With the use of a specific enzyme, only the desired metabolite will undergo a chemical reaction that leads to a shift of gate voltage,…”

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confidence: 99%

All-Inkjet-Printed Graphene-Gated Organic Electrochemical Transistors on Polymeric Foil as Highly Sensitive Enzymatic Biosensors

Demuru

Huang

Parvez

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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We demonstrate fully inkjet-printed graphene-gated Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECTs) on polymeric foil for the enzymatic-based biosensing of glucose. The graphene-gated transistors exhibit better linearity, repeatability, and sensitivity than printed silvergated devices studied in this work and other types of printed devices previously reported in the literature. Their limit of detection is 100 nM with a normalized sensitivity of 20 %/dec in the linear range of 30 to 5000 M glucose concentrations, hence comparable with state-of-the-art OECT 2 devices made by lithography processes on rigid substrates and with complex multi-layer gates.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis shows that the improved sensitivity of the graphene-gated devices is related to a significant decrease of the charge-transfer resistance at the graphene electrode-electrolyte interface in the presence of glucose. The optimized sensing method and device configuration are also extended to the detection of the metabolite lactate. This study enables the development of fully-printed high-performance enzymatic OECTs with graphene sensing-gates for multi-metabolites sensing. similar to the one in blood. 17 Instead, the concentration of lactate is similar to the concentration observed in blood for all these biofluids and equal to 1's-10's mM. 7,17,21 Highly selective enzymes such as glucose oxidase (GOx) and lactate oxidase (LOx) are conventionally used for the electrochemical detection of glucose and lactate, respectively, 5,22 with the possible use of artificial mediators for improving the electron transfer rate. 8,23,24 The enzymes are often immobilized on the working electrode of an amperometric three-electrode system. 5,25,26 However, the linear detection range of standard amperometric devices is generally between hundreds of M-1 mM to several mM, [25][26][27] making glucose detection in some biofluids, such as sweat and saliva, difficult to be achieved. Moreover, the compact integration and fully-printing of standard amperometric cells on flexible substrates is not straightforward. 14,28,29 Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) [30][31][32][33] are an interesting alternative to conventional amperometric sensors, overcoming some of their limitations. OECTs are three-terminal devices, with the source and drain electrodes connected by a conjugated polymer-polyelectrolyte channel such as the commonly used poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). Thanks to the mixed ionic-electronic properties and the mechanical flexibility of PEDOT:PSS, OECTs allow high chemical signal amplification and better mechanical matching of the device with soft interfaces, such as the human skin, for non-invasive analysis. [34][35][36][37] Also, because digital manufacturing techniques, such as inkjet printing, can be applied for their fabrication, OECTs are promising candidates for the development of low-cost and multi-sensing biochemical platforms on flexible substrates, such as polymeric foil. 38,39 OECT-based device...

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“…The PANI-based circuit attached on a flexible substrate has impressive performance with a gain of 7. The flexible OECTs based on hybrid PANI/PEDOT:PSS exhibit much higher linearity and pH sensitivity than the device with the PEDOT:PSS channel …”

Section: Conductive Polymers Applications In Flexible and Stretchable...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flexible OECTs based on hybrid PANI/PEDOT:PSS exhibit much higher linearity and pH sensitivity than the device with the PEDOT:PSS channel. 105 Much effort has been made to enhance the performance on flexible 30,58 and stretchable OLEDs 22,106 based on CPs. Su and co-workers fabricated PEDOT:PSS electrode with excellent mechanical flexibility, low R sh , and high transparency via screen printing.…”

Section: Conductive Polymers Applications In Flexible and Stretchable...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive Polymers for Flexible and Stretchable Organic Optoelectronic Applications

Chen

2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Flexible and stretchable optoelectronics including organic solar cells, electronic skins, organic electrochemical transistors, organic light-emitting diodes, and supercapacitors will play an important role in our lives in the future. Conductive electrodes with desirable mechanical properties are the key to achieving those devices with high performance. Conductive polymers (CPs) have emerged as promising elastic electrode materials for these unprecedented devices as electrodes, buffer layers, channels, or interconnectors. In this review, we first introduce the conductive mechanisms, electrical conductivity, and mechanical properties of CPs and the nanoconfinement effect for semiconductors. Then cutting-edge advances in optoelectronics with CPs are reviewed. Finally, a brief summary and perspectives for CPs modification and device fabrication are provided for developing these next-generation devices with flexible, wearable, and stretchable properties.

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Thin film organic electrochemical transistors based on hybrid PANI/PEDOT:PSS active layers for enhanced pH sensing

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

PANI-Based Wearable Electrochemical Sensor for pH Sweat Monitoring

PANI-Based Wearable Electrochemical Sensor for pH Sweat Monitoring

All-Inkjet-Printed Graphene-Gated Organic Electrochemical Transistors on Polymeric Foil as Highly Sensitive Enzymatic Biosensors

Conductive Polymers for Flexible and Stretchable Organic Optoelectronic Applications

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