Thin-Film Microcircuits on Flexible Substrates

Kerns, D.V.; Kull, J.; Ruwe, Victor W

doi:10.21236/ada071326

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…However, in studies of anesthetized animals and isolated heart preparations, cocaine concentrations of 10 microM slow intracardiac conduction and prolongs repolarization [72][73][74]. This is very near the Ki of cocaine for sodium channels and the major cardiac manifestations (pH dependent slowing of intracardiac conduction and myocardial suppression) [75,76] are very consistent with sodium channel poisoning.…”

Section: Post-receptor Effects Of Cocainementioning

confidence: 91%

“…However, at higher concentrations cocaine will begin to bind to sodium and potassium channels and thus cardiac effects will occur. Animal models of cocaine poisoning have consistently shown slowed intracardiac conduction with cocaine poisoning [72,74,82,93] and there are numerous human reports demonstrating cardiotoxicty due sodium channel antagonism following cocaine overdose [75,76]. Cocaine concentrations reported in most fatal cases will also saturate serum binding proteins and esterases, leading to a dramatic increase in free cocaine concentrations and a relative slowing of cocaine metabolism.…”

Section: Cocaine Toxicity: Tying Together Concentrations and Receptormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, patients have been resuscitated from severe cocaine toxicity using a combination of benzodiazepines to treat CNS toxicity and sodium bicarbonate to reverse antagonism of sodium channels [75,76]. The combination of diazepam and ziprasidone dramatically decreases the incidence of seizures compared to either treatment alone [83].…”

Section: Cocaine Toxicity: Tying Together Concentrations and Receptormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of Acute Cocaine Toxicity

Heard¹,

Palmer²,

Zahniser³

2008

TOPHARMJ

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Abstract:Patients with acute cocaine poisoning present with life-threatening symptoms involving several organ systems. While the effects of cocaine are myriad, they are the result of a limited number of cocaine-protein interactions, including monoamine transporter, neurotransmitter receptor and voltage-gated ion channels. These primary interactions trigger a cascade of events that ultimately produce the clinical effects. The purpose of this article is to review the primary interactions of cocaine and the effects that these interactions trigger. We also describe the progression of symptoms observed in cocaine poisoning as they relate to serum cocaine concentrations.

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Section: Post-receptor Effects Of Cocainementioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Cocaine Toxicity: Tying Together Concentrations and Receptormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cocaine Toxicity: Tying Together Concentrations and Receptormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of Acute Cocaine Toxicity

Heard¹,

Palmer²,

Zahniser³

2008

TOPHARMJ

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“…Several methods of grain refining in welds have been used in the past, for example surface nucleation induced by gas impingement, 6 inoculation with heterogeneous nucleants, 7,8 introduction of physical disturbance through techniques such as electromagnetic stirring, 9,10 and the use of pulsed welding current. [11][12][13][14] Current pulsing has been used in the past, both in GTA and gas metal arc welding, for obtaining grain refinement in the weld fusion zones of wrought alloy weldments. Significant refinement of the solidification structure and a transition from columnar to equiaxed growth have been reported in aluminium alloys, 6,15 austenitic stainless steels, 5,11 tantalum, 16 and titanium alloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pulse frequency in gas tungsten arc welding of powder metallurgical preforms

Suresh¹,

Krishna²,

Venugopal³

et al. 2004

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

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Pulsing of the welding current is one approach for refining the fusion zone microstructure in materials joined by fusion welding. The effect of current pulse frequency on weld bead microstructure, tensile strength, and hardness in joining of powder metallurgical steel preform sheets to wrought copper was studied. Considering weld strength as the quality characteristic in the selection of process parameters, the Taguchi method is used to analyse the effect of each process parameter individually and of their interaction on weld strength, and subsequently to determine the process parameters leading to optimum weld strength. The application of pulsed current causes iron dendrites to become more equiaxed and uniformly distributed owing to dendrite fragmentation. Further, there was an optimum frequency range over which the microstructural refinement was maximal. The same optimum frequency range corresponded to maximum tensile strength. Enhanced fluid flow and reduced thermal gradients are thought to be responsible for refining the solidification structure and the resulting stronger welds.STWJ/407a

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“…The fabrication began with oxidation of a silicon-oninsulator (SOI) wafer, which has a 2 um-thick n ++ silicon active layer. Optical lithography with the first mask and silicon anisotropic etching by potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution were then executed to construct an array of inverted pyramidal molds on the silicon active layer (11), followed by thermal oxidation to achieve 1 um thick SiO 2 for the formation of ultra-sharp apexes on the inverted pyramidal molds and dielectric isolation layer between gate and emitter, as shown in figure 1(b) and 1(c). The mold-patterning step is completed and the corresponding scanning electron microscope (SEM) image, figure 2, shows the cross-sectional view of the mold structure on SOI substrate.…”

Section: Device Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertically Configured Nanodiamond Vacuum Field Emission Transistor Arrays

Hsu¹,

Kang²,

Davidson³

et al. 2011

ECS Trans.

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The design, fabrication and device characteristics of a vertically configured nanodiamond vacuum field emission transistor array are reported. The device is fabricated by a simple dual-mask process, involving mold transfer technique, growth of chemical vapor deposited nanodiamond and formation of self-aligning gate structure from a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. The gate controlled emission current modulation was achieved at a relatively low gate turn-on voltage of 25 V. The device demonstrates transistor characteristics with high emission anode current of 160 uA and negligible gate intercepted current of less than 3 uA at gate voltage of 34 V. This nanodiamond VFET promises potential applications in vacuum microelectronics, including vacuum integrated circuits.

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Thin-Film Microcircuits on Flexible Substrates

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Mechanisms of Acute Cocaine Toxicity

Mechanisms of Acute Cocaine Toxicity

Effect of pulse frequency in gas tungsten arc welding of powder metallurgical preforms

Vertically Configured Nanodiamond Vacuum Field Emission Transistor Arrays

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