Thin film Li electrolytes for all-solid-state micro-batteries

Metal Fluorides as Lithium-Ion Battery Materials: An Atomic Layer Deposition Perspective

“…Garnet 10 −5 [31] Amorphous, or glassy, electrolytes can be roughly divided into oxide and sulphide glasses [32]. Probably the most studied amorphous solid electrolyte material is nitrogen doped lithium phosphate (lithium phosphorus oxynitride), LiPON, which is in fact already in use in thin film lithium-ion batteries [32,33].…”

“…In addition, they must be good electron insulators to avoid self-discharge and short-circuits [4]. Despite the high specification for material properties, a vast number of solid electrolyte materials suitable for lithium-ion batteries have been reported in the literature [30][31][32][33]. In addition to inorganic ceramics, composites and polymer mixtures can be used as solid electrolytes [31,33,34].…”

“…Inorganic fast lithium-ion conducting materials can be single-crystalline, polycrystalline or amorphous, with many different structural types reported for the crystalline materials (Table 3, Figure 4) [31,32]. Generally, an amorphous electrolyte material would be preferred as grain boundaries in crystalline materials can lead to both impeded ion movement and electron leakage and thus poorer insulating properties [33,34].…”

“…Generally, an amorphous electrolyte material would be preferred as grain boundaries in crystalline materials can lead to both impeded ion movement and electron leakage and thus poorer insulating properties [33,34]. In addition, amorphous materials can provide isotropic lithium-ion conduction in a wide range of different compositions [32]. Table 3.…”

New Developments in Solid Electrolytes for Thin-Film Lithium Batteries

“…Recently, sulfide materials have been investigated such as SiS 2 (Aotani et al, 1994;Hayashi et al, 2002;Hirai et al, 1995;Kennedy, 1989), GeS 2 (Haizheng et al, 2004;Kawamoto and Nishida, 1976;Pradel et al, 1985), P 2 S 5 (Hayashi et al, 2005;Mercier et al, 1981a;Mizuno et al, 2005;Murayama et al, 2004), and B 2 S 3 (Hintenlang and Bray, 1985;Wada et al, 1983). Among these sulfide materials, GeS 2 is particularly attractive as a base material because it is less hygroscopic (Yamashita and Yamanaka, 2003), more oxidatively stable and enables a more electrochemically stable matrix for lithium-ion conduction to be prepared (Xia et al, 2009). While much research has been done on ion-conducting bulk sulfide glasses prepared by melt-quenching, only a few studies of thin-film ion conducting sulfides have been reported because of the difficulty in preparing them.…”