Thin film encapsulated flexible organic electroluminescent displays

Abstract

We describe encapsulated passive matrix, video rate organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays on flexible plastic substrates using a multilayer barrier encapsulation technology. The flexible OLED (FOLED™) displays are based on highly efficient electrophosphorescent OLED (PHOLED™) technology deposited on barrier coated plastic (Flexible Glass™ substrate) and are hermetically sealed with an optically transmissive multilayer barrier coating (Barix™ encapsulation). Preliminary lifetime to half initial luminance (L0∼100 cd/m2) of order 200 h is achieved on the passive matrix driven encapsulated 80 dpi displays; 2500 h lifetime is achieved on a dc tested encapsulated 5 mm2 FOLED test pixel. The encapsulated displays are flexed 1000 times around a 1 in. diameter cylinder and show minimal damage.

Low Mid-Proterozoic atmospheric oxygen levels and the delayed rise of animals

“…The above rate law for Cr(III) oxidation (i.e., at the expense of a manganite phase) has been employed primarily in an attempt to most accurately represent the importance of Mn(III) in the process of Cr(III) oxidation (83)(84)(85)(86)(87). In addition, this rate law has been validated over a relatively wide pH range, making it suitable for analysis of generalized soil fluid conditions.…”

Organic semiconductors for device applications: current trends and future prospects

“…Besides lengthy processing, it was also shown that Barix thin-film encapsulation does not acquire the integrity of glass barrier layers for flexible or rigid substrate OLEDs [712]. Therefore, a need exists for alternative means of suppressing dark spots growth -means that would not introduce complexity or potential for cost increase.…”

“…Another study conducted in this context [712] demonstrated that the use of Barix encapsulation on plastic substrates showed one fourth of the half-life of a glass encapsulated and glass substrate devices. For comparison, Barix encapsulation resulted in 3700 h of half-life for a glass substrate OLED vs. 2500 h for a plastic substrate OLED [712]. This study clarified that even superior commercial thin-film barrier layers did not achieve the highquality encapsulation, which was seen with glass barriers.…”

“…Alternatively, Al-Li and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) multilayers were used with a half-life of 63 h on glass substrate [709], while elsewhere a combination of oxide, polymer, and epoxy seals [710] was employed for OLEDs on glass with a half-life of over 1000 h. Accelerated testing at 65°C and 85% relative humidity (RH) of PECVD SiO x /Si combinations on glass [708] gave a half-life of 7500 h. For devices prepared on flexible substrates, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) parylene-N/C, individually or in combination, showed four times enhanced lifetime over that of unencapsulated [711] devices. A proprietary barrier formulation on PET gave over 2000 h of half-life [712], whereas a lamination-based encapsulation of OLEDs on plastic substrate showed a half-life of 230 h [713].…”

Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells on Flexible Substrates

“…Major problems when creating organic solar cells and solar cells, used the dyes, is the need to increase the absorption of visible light by layer to increase the sensitivity [22] and photochemical stability of dyes [24]. The most important problem is the durability of the use of organic solar cells [25].…”