Thin Composite Palladium and Palladium/Alloy Membranes for Hydrogen Separation

Hua, Yi; Mardilovich, Ivan P.; Engwall, E.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb06011.x

Cited by 83 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…Our predicted permeability is more than an order magnitude larger than the permeabilities predicted and measured by Kamakoti et al [8], however, it is consistent with the Ma et al [9] H permeability of the Pd 0.47 Cu 0.53 B2 phase being 1.1 times that of Pd at 623 K. The predicted permeabilities calculations and related parameters are summarized in Table 3. …”

Section: De-fg26-05nt42453 United Technologies Research Centersupporting

confidence: 46%

Advanced Water-Gas Shift Membrane Reactor

Emerson¹,

Vanderspurt²,

Opalka³

et al. 2009

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The overall objectives for this project were: (1) to identify a suitable PdCu trimetallic alloy membrane with high stability and commercially relevant hydrogen permeation in the presence of trace amounts of carbon monoxide and sulfur; and (2) to identify and synthesize a water gas shift catalyst with a high operating life that is sulfur and chlorine tolerant at low concentrations of these impurities. This work successfully achieved the first project objective to identify a suitable PdCu tri-metallic alloy membrane composition, Pd 0.47 Cu 0.52 G5 0.01 , that was selected based on atomistic and thermodynamic modeling alone. The second objective was partially successful in that catalysts were identified and evaluated that can withstand sulfur in high concentrations and at high pressures, but a long operating life was not achieved at the end of the project. From the limited durability testing it appears that the best catalyst, Pt-Re/Ce 0.333 Zr 0.333 E4 0.333 O 2 , is unable to maintain a long operating life at space velocities of 200,000 h -1 . The reasons for the low durability do not appear to be related to the high concentrations of H 2 S, but rather due to the high operating pressure and the influence the pressure has on the WGS reaction at this space velocity.ii

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Section: De-fg26-05nt42453 United Technologies Research Centersupporting

confidence: 46%

Advanced Water-Gas Shift Membrane Reactor

Emerson¹,

Vanderspurt²,

Opalka³

et al. 2009

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“…18 Before plating, the activated supports were dipped in 1 M HCl for 30 s and then in DI (deionized) water. The plating bath compositions are listed in Table 1, and the plating procedure was detailed by Mardilovich et al 18 The Cu plating bath, shown in Table 1, was adapted from Ma et al 19 After the electroless deposition of Cu, the samples were immediately immersed in 0.01 M HCl to neutralize any residual plating solution followed by rinsing with DI water and ethanol to facilitate drying to prevent oxidation of the Cu layer. The resultant layer thicknesses and compositions are listed in Table 2.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isothermal solid‐state transformation kinetics applied to Pd/Cu alloy membrane fabrication

2010

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In this work, time-resolved, in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction was used to study the solid-state transformation kinetics of the formation of the fcc Pd/Cu alloy from Pd/Cu bilayers for the purpose of fabricating sulfur-tolerant Pd/Cu membranes for H 2 separation. Thin layers of Pd and Cu (total $15 wt % Cu) were deposited on porous stainless steel with the electroless deposition method and annealed in H 2 at 500, 550, and 600 C. The kinetics of the annealing process was successfully described by the Avrami nucleation and growth model, showing that the annealing process was diffusion controlled and one dimensional. The activation energy for the solid-state transformation was 175 kJ/mol, which was similar to the activation energy of Pd-Cu bulk interdiffusion. Furthermore, the Avrami model was able to successfully describe the changes in permeance and activation energy observed in Pd/Cu alloy membranes during characterization as they were annealed at high temperatures.

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“…[10] Membrane separation method is considered to be the most promising gas separation method because of low energy consumption, possibility of continuous operation, lower capital investment, and relatively easy to operate and control. [14] Over the last two decades, various types of membranes as well as materials have been explored for hydrogen purification, including dense palladium (Pd), [15][16][17] polymer, [18][19][20] carbon, [21][22][23][24][25] and porous ceramics. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Although Pd-based membranes exhibit excellent hydrogen selectivity, they are susceptible to poison by sulfur, form pinholes and cracks due to hydrogen embrittlement, and are also very expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Gas Separation through Amorphous Silicon Oxycarbide Membranes

et al. 2015

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Polymer-derived amorphous silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) ceramics are designed for hydrogen separation at high temperatures. To form amorphous SiOC top-coating with the thickness of about 300 nm, tubular porous g-Al 2 O 3 /a-Al 2 O 3 substrates with gradient porosity are threefold coated by vinylfunctionalized polysiloxane and pyrolyzed at 700 C under argon. N 2 -physisorption measurement confirms formation of microporous material with a specific surface area of about 400 m 2 g -1 . Single gas permeance characterization of the SiOC membrane at 300 C reveals H 2 /CO 2 and H 2 /SF 6 ideal permselectivities of about 10 and 320, respectively. The experimental gas permeance data are modeled using solid-state diffusion (for He and H 2 ) and gas translational diffusion (for CO 2 and SF 6 ) mechanisms.

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Thin Composite Palladium and Palladium/Alloy Membranes for Hydrogen Separation

Cited by 83 publications

References 42 publications

Advanced Water-Gas Shift Membrane Reactor

Advanced Water-Gas Shift Membrane Reactor

Isothermal solid‐state transformation kinetics applied to Pd/Cu alloy membrane fabrication

Mechanism of Gas Separation through Amorphous Silicon Oxycarbide Membranes

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