Thidiazuron-induced somatic embryogenesis and changes of antioxidant properties in tissue cultures of half-high blueberry plants

Abstract

An efficient protocol of somatic embryogenesis (SE) has been developed for the first time in four half-high blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. × V. angustifolium Ait.) cultivars. Thidiazuron (TDZ), a plant growth regulator with potential activities for shoot regeneration and shoot proliferation, was found most effective for somatic embryo formation when added to a nutrient medium at high concentration (9 µM). Although TDZ was also best for embryo germination at low concentration (2.3 µM), it was followed by zeatin at 4.6 µM for the same. Plantlets developed from SE were removed from the nutrient medium and transferred on a peat: perlite medium where 100% survival rate was acquired following the acclimatization process in a greenhouse. The concentrations of total phenolic and flavonoid contents were higher in greenhouse-grown conventionally cutting-propagated donor mother plants than those of respective SE plants for ‘St. Cloud’, ‘Patriot’ and ‘Northblue’ but not for ‘Chippewa’. The effect of propagation method and/or the older age of donor mother plants were clearly visible exclusively as the 15-year-old donor plants showed higher level of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity than the eight-weeks-old SE plants in all four cultivars.

Phloroglucinol Mediated Plant Regeneration of Ornithogalum dubium as the Sole “Hormone-Like Supplement” in Plant Tissue Culture Long-Term Experiments

“…Ornithogalum dubium total phenolic profile alteration is a noticeable finding; while it seems to be likely connected with the PG potential role in cell wall function, alternative scenarios could exist. For instance, TDZ was able to induce somatic embryogenesis in tissue culture of blueberries with a persistent alteration of the phenolic profiles [72]. The authors suggested that the alteration of the phenolic profiles is due to a direct effect of TDZ on the pathway to phenolics, the shikimate pathway, and this seems to reinforce the potential "hormonal" role of PG.…”

Genetic Diversity of Blueberry Genotypes Estimated by Antioxidant Properties and Molecular Markers

“…Briefly, 500 mg of shock-frozen leaves of each genotype was homogenized in a FastPrep-24 Tissue and Cell Homogenizer (MP Biomedicals, Irvine, CA, USA) containing a solution of 80% aqueous acetone and 0.2% formic acid (1:4 g/mL) [ 28 , 29 ]. The homogenate was retained at 4 °C, with slow agitation for 30 min, followed by centrifugation at 20,000× g at 4 °C for 15 min using an Allegra 64R (Beckman Coulter Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA), and the supernatant was collected.…”

“…Free radical scavenging activity was estimated as percentage inhibition of radicals. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) is an artificially stabilized free radical [ 29 ]. An aliquot of diluted extract or gallic acid standard solution (5 mg/mL; ≥98% purity) was added to 1.7 mL DPPH methanolic solution (0.06 mM), mixed thoroughly, and kept in the dark for 20 min at room temperature.…”

Detection of <i>AtRKD4</i> Protein During Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis in <i>Dendrobium lineale</i> Rolfe Transgenic Orchids Carrying <i>35S::GR::AtRKD4</i>

“…Auxin and cytokinin are commonly used for the induction of somatic embryogenesis (Moradi et al 2017). Thidiazuron (N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3thiadiazol-5-ylurea) is a cytokinin class growth regulator known to have potential activity in shoot regeneration and proliferation was effective in inducing somatic embryo formation (Ghosh et al 2018). TDZ with 3 mgL -1 concentration is the best concentration used to induce the formation of somatic embryos in the roots, stems, leaves explants, and protocorm of P. amabilis orchid (Mose et al 2017).…”