Thickness-shear-mode acoustic wave sensors in the liquid phase. A review

Thompson, Michael; Kipling, Arlin L.; Duncan-Hewitt, Wendy C.; Rajaković, Ljubinka V.; Čavić-Vlasak, Biljana A.

doi:10.1039/an9911600881

Cited by 320 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…1,8,13 The assumed additivity of these terms has been the starting point of the model and has not been directly derived from any wave equation for the system. It has also been shown experimentally that the state of hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the surface of a QCM can influence its response 5,9,11 even when the surface is relatively smooth 9 ͑i.e., surface features of depth Ͻ0.05 m͒. The discussion of excess response due to roughness has, at times inevitably, become entangled with the state of wetting of a surface and possible interfacial slip at the molecular level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has long been known that a crystal with a rough surface has an excess liquid phase response, primarily in its frequency decrease, compared to that predicted by the Kanazawa-Gordon equation. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] One suggested method of accounting for this response has been to view the response as composed of a Kanazawa term 14 accounting for the entrainment of the liquid plus a Sauerbrey 15 rigid-mass-type term with the mass being given by the liquid ''trapped'' within the surface structure of the crystal. 1,8,13 The assumed additivity of these terms has been the starting point of the model and has not been directly derived from any wave equation for the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface roughness and interfacial slip boundary condition for quartz crystal microbalances

McHale

Newton

2004

Journal of Applied Physics

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The response of a quartz crystal microbalance ͑QCM͒ is considered using a wave equation for the substrate and the Navier-Stokes equations for a finite liquid layer under a slip boundary condition. It is shown that when the slip length to shear wave penetration depth is small, the first-order effect of slip is only present in the frequency response. Importantly, in this approximation the frequency response satisfies an additivity relation with a net response equal to a Kanazawa liquid term plus an additional Sauerbrey ''rigid'' liquid mass. For the slip length to result in an enhanced frequency decrease compared to a no-slip boundary condition, it is shown that the slip length must be negative so that the slip plane is located on the liquid side of the interface. It is argued that the physical application of such a negative slip length could be to the liquid phase response of a QCM with a completely wetted rough surface. Effectively, the model recovers the starting assumption of additivity used in the trapped mass model for the liquid phase response of a QCM having a rough surface. When applying the slip boundary condition to the rough surface problem, slip is not at a molecular level, but is a formal hydrodynamic boundary condition which relates the response of the QCM to that expected from a QCM with a smooth surface. Finally, possible interpretations of the results in terms of acoustic reflectivity are developed and the potential limitations of the additivity result should vapor trapping occur are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface roughness and interfacial slip boundary condition for quartz crystal microbalances

McHale

Newton

2004

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…The relationship between pp-film weight and frequency shift is expressed in ng/Hz units. When an AT-cut quartz crystal with fundamental oscillation frequency of 9 MHz is used, adsorption of about 1 ng of material led to a 1 Hz decrease in oscillation frequency [23,24].…”

Section: Plasma Polymerization Of Monomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of anti-C-Reactive Protein Monoclonal Antibody and Its F(ab')2 fragment on Plasma-Polymerized Styrene, Allylamine and Acrylic Acid Coated with Quartz Crystal Microbalance.

Kurosawa

Hirokawa

Kashima

et al. 2002

J. Photopol. Sci. Technol.

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Styrene, allylamine, and acrylic acid were polymerized on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) by plasma polymerization technique under 100 W, 100 P, and a settled period of each. Coating amounts of plasma polymerized films (pp-films) were determined by QCM technique. Adsorption amounts of anti-C-reactive protein monoclonal IgG antibody (CRP antibody) and its F(ab')2 fragment of IgG antibody (CRP-F(ab')2 antibody) on three plasma-polymerized films and on a gold QCM surface as a reference were also determined by QCM technique. Immunoreaction amounts between antigen (CRP) and antibodies adsorbed QCM on pp-films were determined by QCM. Adsorption amount of CRP antibodies or CRP-F(ab' )2 antibodies for pp-films and gold were almost similar levels in the range of 50 to 100 Hz per area. Immunoreaction amounts of CRP depended on the combination of pp-films and antibodies. The largest dose-responses of Immunoreaction were obtained for pp-acrylic acid for CRP antibodies, and pp-allylamine for CRP-F(ab')2 antibodies. These results imply that molecular orientation of antibodies adsorbed on pp-films may be performed in different manners.

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“…Further, Theisen et al [8] have suggested that for a TSM device the contact angle on a rough surface can lead to trapped gas and hence a trapped mass response dependent on the hydrophobicity of the surface. Thompson et al [9][10][11] have suggested that interfacial slip may occur so that a contact angle dependent response might exist even on a smooth surface. Ellis et.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of SU-8 patterned surfaces on the response of the quartz crystal microbalance

Evans

McHale

Shirtcliffe

et al. 2005

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical

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In this work we present data showing the effect of patterning layers of SU-8 photoresist on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and subsequent chemical treatment to increase their hydrophobicity. Patterns with 5 µm diameter pillars spaced every 10 µm have been fabricated with heights of 3 µm, 5 µm and 10µm in addition to equivalent thickness flat layers. Contact angle measurements have been made before and after the hydrophobic chemical treatment. The change in resonant frequency of the QCM has been investigated as the surfaces were submerged in solutions of water/PEG with changing viscosity-density product.

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Thickness-shear-mode acoustic wave sensors in the liquid phase. A review

Cited by 320 publications

References 81 publications

Surface roughness and interfacial slip boundary condition for quartz crystal microbalances

Surface roughness and interfacial slip boundary condition for quartz crystal microbalances

Adsorption of anti-C-Reactive Protein Monoclonal Antibody and Its F(ab')2 fragment on Plasma-Polymerized Styrene, Allylamine and Acrylic Acid Coated with Quartz Crystal Microbalance.

The effect of SU-8 patterned surfaces on the response of the quartz crystal microbalance

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