Thickness of the Cortical Layer as an Estimate of Mineral Content of Human Finger Bones

Virtama, P; H, Mahonen

doi:10.1259/0007-1285-33-385-60

Cited by 88 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…the rib (Nicholls & Nimalasuriya, 1939;Mitchell, Hamilton, Steggerda & Bean, 1945;Forbes, Cooper & Mitchell, 1953). In respect of the bones studied in the present investigation, there is a highly significant correlation (PcO*OOl) between cortical thickness of the finger bones and their actual mineral content (Virtama & Mahonen, 1960); further, when cortical index of humerus and femur were compared with their mineral contents, it was found that for the humerus a highly significant correlation(P<0401) prevailed, whereas for the femur the correlation was only just significant (P<0-05) (Virtama & Telkka, 1962). The three other indices described, cortical arealtotal area, cross-sectional area index and cortical/ surface area ratio, are believed to be truer reflections of bone mineral concentration than cortical index.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

The Influence of Numerous Pregnancies and Lactations on Bone Dimensions in South African Bantu and Caucasian Mothers

1972

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1.In groups of South African Bantu and Caucasian women aged 3 M years, sub-divided into those having had (i) none to two or (ii) seven or more children, measurements of radiographs of the second metacarpal and of the humerus were made in respect of length, cortical thickness, cortical index, cortical area/total area, cross-sectional area index and cortical/surface area ratio.2. In Bantu mothers of large compared with small families, there were no significant differences in the means of corresponding variables. This was also the case with the Caucasian mothers. Bantu mothers of large and small families had significantly lower mean values for most variables compared with those of Caucasian mothers of large and small families. In all four groups, ranges of measurements and indices were very wide.3. It is questioned whether Bantu mothers accustomed to a low calcium intake and to numerous pregnancies and long lactations, suffer from calcium deficiency. The problem of whether the high recommended allowances of calcium during these periods confer a clinically detectable benefit requires re-examination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

The Influence of Numerous Pregnancies and Lactations on Bone Dimensions in South African Bantu and Caucasian Mothers

1972

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“…Radiogrammetry is one of the oldest methods to assess an individual cortical bone partition with respect to osteopenia or osteoporosis [1,2]. The term "radiogrammetry" simply refers to measurement performed on a radiograph.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related changes in cortical bone mass: data from a German female cohort

Toledo

Jergas

2005

Eur Radiol

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To describe data from digital radiogrammetry (DXR) in an unselected German female cohort over a wide age range. Using a retrospective study design we analyzed radiographs of the hand from 540 German women (aged 5-96 years) using an automated assessment of cortical thickness, metacarpal index (MCI), and estimated cortical bone mineral density (DXR-BMD) on digitized radiographs. Both hands were radiographed in 97 women. In this group DXR-BMD and cortical thickness were significantly higher in the right metacarpals while there was no significant difference in MCI. To study the association with age we differentiated young (<20 years), middle-aged (20-45 years), and an older patients (>45 years). In young women all parameters increased significantly with age in a linear fashion (r=0.8 for DXR-BMD, r=0.7 for MCI). In those aged 25-45 years DXR-BMD and MCI were highest (peak bone mass). In women aged 45 or older all parameters decreased with age in an almost linear fashion with an annual change ranging from 0.7% to 0.9%. Our results for an unselected German female cohort indicate that DXR is a reliable, widely available osteodensitometric technique based on the refinement of conventional radiogrammetry. These findings are comparable to those from other studies and represent a valid resource for clinical application and for comparisons with other ethnic groups.

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“…The inaccuracy of such an assessment is known to be high due to changed conditions for image capture and individual biological variations [6]. Originally proposed by Barnett and Nordin [7] and by Virtama and Mahonen [8], the use of radiographically assessed cortical bone thickness as estimation of bone strength became more important during the past decade [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential clinical relevance of digital radiogrammetry for quantification of periarticular bone demineralization in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis depending on severity and compared with DXA

et al. 2004

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The aim of this study was to investigate a new bone densitometric technology based on digital radiogrammetry (DXR) with respect to its ability to measure severity-dependent variations of bone mineralization in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. One hundred six randomly selected patients suffering from verified rheumatoid arthritis underwent digitally performed plain radiographs of the non-dominant hand and measurements of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) regarding total femur and lumbar spine. Using DXR the radiographs were analyzed retrospectively for bone mineral density (BMD) calculation. The severity was classified using Larsen score and Steinbroker stage blinded by two radiologists. A third radiologist reviewed the incongruently scored cases. Mean values of calculated parameters changed as follows from Larsen 1 to Larsen 5: Bone mineral density (DXR-BMD) decreased from 0.55 to 0.44 g/cm2 (p=0.000), DXR-MCI decreased from 0.44 to 0.33 (p=0.001), DXA-BMD (total femur) decreased from 0.92 to 0.78 g/cm2 (p=0.090) and DXA-BMD (lumbar spine) decreased from 0.91 to 0.84 g/cm2 (p=0.595). Similar results were verified for the Steinbroker stage. The relative decrease of BMD measured by DXR between the highest and lowest score was 20% for Steinbroker stage and Larsen score (p<0.05). The relative decrease of BMD using DXA revealed not such a significant result. Similar results were verified for metacarpal index (estimated by DXR). Correlations between BMD determined by DXR and by DXA were all significant (R=0.45 for lumbar spine and R=0.59 for total femur). Consequently, less than 35% of the DXR-BMD value is explainable by corresponding DXA values. The DXR-based BMD calculation seems to be able to distinguish severity and progress of the disease in contrast to those of DXA at lumbar spine and total femur.

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Thickness of the Cortical Layer as an Estimate of Mineral Content of Human Finger Bones

Cited by 88 publications

References 3 publications

The Influence of Numerous Pregnancies and Lactations on Bone Dimensions in South African Bantu and Caucasian Mothers

The Influence of Numerous Pregnancies and Lactations on Bone Dimensions in South African Bantu and Caucasian Mothers

Age-related changes in cortical bone mass: data from a German female cohort

Potential clinical relevance of digital radiogrammetry for quantification of periarticular bone demineralization in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis depending on severity and compared with DXA

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