Thickness of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the free flap donor sites: A histologic study

Abstract

Thin hypodermis was found in radial forearm flap and thoracodorsal perforator flap donor sites, which may be used for reconstruction of thin defects.

Recent Advances on Topical Application of Ceramides to Restore Barrier Function of Skin

“…Also, CERs exhibit the heterogeneity in terms of chain length (16-30 carbons) and degree of unsaturation (predominantly saturated) and hydroxylation pattern. The chain length of fatty acids in the CERs generally is 24-26 carbons, but there are slightly available fatty acids comprising 16-18 carbons [22], and their chain length affects the skin permeability and barrier function of the stratum corneum [23]. CERs are predominant lipid components of the stratum corneum and comprise 30-40% of the stratum corneum lipids by mass.…”

Guidelines for designing a realistic peripheral venous catheter insertion simulator: A literature review

“…Lee & Hwang 21 performed ex vivo measurements to measure the dermal and epidermal thickness at 28 anatomical sites of 452 cadavers using microscopes and micrometers. The same approach was subsequently adopted by Hwang et al 22 , who also measured the hypodermis thickness. In vivo measurements of the thickness of the dermis and hypodermis have also been conducted on the volar forearm using ultrasound images [23][24][25][26] .…”

Skin-On Interfaces

“…• Strain/Thickness (kinestetic haptic). Strain is a measure of deformation and is dependent to material thickness which, in skin, varies between individuals (age, gender) and body locations (epidermis from 0.3mm to 1mm [37] dermis: 0.9mm to 2.5mm [46,73]; hypodermis from 1.9mm to 12mm [37]). Given these variations, it is not surprising to find a large variation in the elastic modulus 1 reported in the literature (between 0.02 MPa to 57 MPa [16]).…”

“…The thickness of the top layers (epidermis+dermis) is 1.2mm as it is the average value of the dermis over the body [49,91]. For the hypodermis thickness, we considered four values corresponding to different body areas: 2mm (face [74]), 5mm, 10mm (forearm [37]), 17mm (mean body [39]).…”