Thiazolidine-2,4-Diones: An Update Review of Antidiabetic Agents

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a serious global health problem and taking its place as one of the main threats to human health in the 21 st century. The National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse & World Health Organization shows above 90% of the diabetic population fall under type 2 diabetes mellitus category. The treatment generally prescribed for type 2 diabetes mellitus has been a combination of diet, exercise and current therapeutic agents Due to their adverse effects and side effects, most of these treatments are considered to be unsatisfactory in terms of preventio n of complications and preservation of quality of life. The current therapeutic agents containing thiazolidine-2,4-diones or glitazones are shown better treatment on type 2 diabetes mellitus via acting on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ). From these glitazones, troglitazone and rosiglitazone are withdrawn from markets. Pioglitazone and lobeglitazone are used in market. Ciglitazone, englitazone, darglitazone, KRP-297, rivoglitazone and CLX-921 are discontinued in various clinical trials. Mitoglitazone, netoglitazone and balaglitazone are present in various phases of clinical trials. Furthermore, based on various literature surveys, we are studied in details structure activity relationships of various glitazones.

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“…In recent years, the presence of many prepared compounds with a 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring in their main structure has made them able to perform various important pharmacological activities [2][3][4]. Thiadazole compounds have piqued the interest of chemists due to their biological activity, many of which exhibit antifungal [3,4], anti-asthmatic [3,4], antiparkinsonism [4,5], anticonvulsant [6], antitumor [7][8][9][10][11], analgesic [12,13], antitubercular [15], antibacterial, and anticancer [16]. The azo compounds, which are prepared by coupling the intermediate diazonium compounds with different aromatic compounds are among the most important industrial compounds used as dyes for many centuries because of their bright and shiny colors [17].…”

Effect of Supplementation of Acacia Honey and Pioglitazone on Blood Glucose Levels in Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Rats

“…This binds to DNA to regulate the transcription and translation of different proteins involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. 3 The non-pharmacological approaches include healthy eating, exercise, herbal preparations and other natural products such as Bitter Melon and Honey. 4 There is a growing trend toward the alternative nonpharmacological approach to diabetes therapy.…”