Thiamine Limited Steady State Growth of the Yeast Cryptococcus albidus

Button, D. K.

doi:10.1099/00221287-58-1-15

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Oscillations with other periods could have gone undetected, as would oscillations in the uptake rates of organisms within cultures that were not in synchrony. Cell populations have also been observed to oscillate in continuous culture both with this organism and with others (4,10). Similar thresholds occur during phosphate limitation of growth (5; for a coherent derivation in this reference, add "by the dissociation constant K, = I -" between lines 14 and 15 immediately preceding equation 3), as was recently confirmed with improved methods.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Multiple-carbon-source-limited growth kinetics of a marine coryneform bacterium

Law¹,

Button²

1977

J Bacteriol

102

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The steady-state growth rate of a marine isolate was related to the concentrations of several carbon and energy source substrates when these substrates limited growth simultaneously in continuous culture. Glucose limitation was characterized by a threshold of 0.21 mg/liter for growth, a half-maximal growth rate at 0.48 mg/liter, U-shaped curves in extractable pool concentration-versus-growth velocity plots, and slow maximal growth rates. Arginine addition reduced the glucose threshold to 0.008 mg/liter, more than doubled the maximal growth rate, and stabilized pool concentrations at low growth rates. Addition of a third substrate, glutamate, caused further reduction of the glucose concentration a steady state. Maximal reduction of the glucose concentration was effected by adding a mixture of 20 amino acids. Steady-state limiting nutrient concentration was dependent on the specific identity of the auxiliary nutrients and on the concentration ratio at which they were supplied. When glucose was supplemented with an equal quantity of an amino acid mixture, the external steady-state glucose remained below 10 mug/liter. When 1 mug of glucose was added to a 2.5-mg/liter amino acid mixture, at least 70% of it was consumed at steady state in spite of the threshold observed. Lack of crossover between metabolic pathways, suggested by the absence of glucose carbon in pool glutamate of arginine-glucose-grown cells, may have been partly responsible for the mixed carbon source stimulation of nutrient accumulation observed. The affinity observed is sufficient to account for normal growth at a total organic substrate concentration of only 0.11 mg/liter when supplied from a suitable mixture.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Multiple-carbon-source-limited growth kinetics of a marine coryneform bacterium

Law¹,

Button²

1977

J Bacteriol

102

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“…Continuous culture. Apparatus and general methods have been described (10). The medium employed was a dilute chelate-free mineral salts mixture (9), which was modified to contain low phosphate concentrations and which included vitamins B12, thiamine, and biotin at 100 pM.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurements and calculations are based on the usual relationships describing continuous culture. Although the basic relationships are available elsewhere (10,12,19,32), those concepts particularly pertinent to the following treatment are reviewed for clarity. The reactor can be classified as stirred, single-stage, single-phase, continuous flow without recycling.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Culture of Rhodotorula rubra : Kinetics of Phosphate-Arsenate Uptake, Inhibition, and Phosphate-Limited Growth

1973

Self Cite

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The pink yeast Rhodotorula rubra of marine origin was found to be capable of extended growth at very low phosphate concentrations (K,.6 = 10.8 nM). Average intracellular phosphate concentrations, based on isotope exchange techniques, were 15 to 200 mm, giving concentration gradients across the cell envelope of about 106. Sensitivity to metabolic inhibitors occurred at micromolar concentrations. Inability of the phosphate transport system, K. = 0.5 to 2.8 AM, Vmax = 55 umoles per g of cells per min, to discriminate against arsenate transport led to arsenate toxicity at 1 to 10 nm, whereas environmental arsenate levels are reportedly much higher. Phosphate competitively prevented arsenate toxicity. The K1 for phosphate inhibition of arsenate uptake was 0.7 to 1.21LM. Phosphate uptake experiments showed that maximal growth rates could be achieved with approximately 4% of the total phosphate-arsenate transport system. Organisms adapted to a range both of concentration of NaCl and of pH. Maximal affinity for phosphate occurred at pH 4 and at low concentrations of NaCl; however, Vmax for phosphate transport was little affected. Maximal specific growth rates on minimal medium were consistent in batch culture but gradually increased to the much higher rates found with yeast extract media when the population was subjected to long-term continuous culture with gradually increasing dilution rates. Phosphate initial uptake rates that were in agreement with the steady-state flux in continuous culture were obtained by using organisms and medium directly from continuous iculture. This procedure resulted in rates about 500 times greater than one ,p which harvested batchgrown cells were used. Discrepancies between values found and those reported in the literature for other organisms were even larger. Growth could not be sustained below a threshold phosphate concentration of 3.4 nm. Such thresholds are explained in terms of a system where growth rate is set by intracellular nutrient concentrations. Threshold concentrations occur in response to nutrient sinks not related to growth, such as efflux and endogenous metabolism. Equations are presented for evaluation of growth rate-limiting substrate concentrations in the presence of background substrate and for evaluating low inhibitor concentration inhibition mechanisms by substrate prevention of inhibitor flux. Although phosphate is a major nutrient and We first became interested in phosphatekinetic studies of nutrient-limited aquatic mi-limited systems after noting that dilute concrobial systems are fairly common, few data tinuous culture was easier to start after adding exist specifying limiting phosphate concentra-large quantities of phosphate, and that phostions at steady state. This is largely due to the phate seemed to prevent copper sensitivity in fact that phosphate is a usual contaminant of media low in trace metals (11), a phenomenon chemicals and glassware, so that experimental not predicted by usual binding constants (5). systems with low and accurately known phos-Phosphate...

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“…To avoid excessive extrapolation of the curves and, hence, inaccuracies in the estimations of s, it is necessary to use very low reservoir concentrations of growth rate-limiting nutrient and consequent low-culture densities. The method was used by Button and Garver [21] and Button [28] but is very laborious.…”

Section: Determination Of K~ From Indi-rect Estimates Of Nutrient Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Monod substrate saturation constant for microbial growth

Owens

1987

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Methods used to determine the Monod substrate saturation constant for microbial growth are surveyed. The preferred and most accurate method is to assay the concentrations of growth rate‐limiting nutrients in steady‐state continuous cultures. But, this is not always possible due to the lack of sufficiently sensitive assay methods or due to high nutrient fluxes in rapidly growing cultures. It is suggested that an acceptable and simple alternative method for aerobic microorganisms is to measure initial oxygen uptake rates during growth in the presence of different initial concentrations of growth rate‐limiting nutrient. It is important in this method that the microbial cells are taken from rapidly growing cultures and are suspended in a medium permitting growth.

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Thiamine Limited Steady State Growth of the Yeast Cryptococcus albidus

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Multiple-carbon-source-limited growth kinetics of a marine coryneform bacterium

Multiple-carbon-source-limited growth kinetics of a marine coryneform bacterium

Continuous Culture of Rhodotorula rubra : Kinetics of Phosphate-Arsenate Uptake, Inhibition, and Phosphate-Limited Growth

Determination of the Monod substrate saturation constant for microbial growth

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