Thiamine in Nutrition Therapy

Abstract

Clinicians involved with nutrition therapy traditionally concentrated on macronutrients and have generally neglected the importance of micronutrients, both vitamins and trace elements. Micronutrients, which work in unison, are important for fundamental biological processes and enzymatic reactions, and deficiencies may lead to disastrous consequences. This review concentrates on vitamin B(1), or thiamine. Alcoholism is not the only risk factor for thiamine deficiency, and thiamine deficiency is often not suspected in seemingly well-nourished or even overnourished patients. Deficiency of thiamine has historically been described as beriberi but may often be seen in current-day practice, manifesting as neurologic abnormalities, mental changes, congestive heart failure, unexplained metabolic acidosis, and so on. This review explains the importance of thiamine in nutrition therapy and offers practical tips on prevention and management of deficiency states.

Simultaneous Determination of Caffeine and Water-Soluble Vitamins in Energy Drinks by HPLC with Photodiode Array and Fluorescence Detection

“…Although the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for vitamins are relatively small, even the mild deficiency of one of them can lead to serious health problems. Nutritional deficit of vitamin B 1 (thiamine) can lead to beriberi disease manifested by cardiovascular disorders and impairment of digestive and nervous systems (Sriram et al 2012). Deficiencies of vitamin B 2 (riboflavin and its co-enzymes: flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)), vitamin B 3 (niacin), vitamin B 6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal), and vitamin B 7 (biotin) mainly occur as skin inflammation and discomfort from the gastrointestinal tract (Powers 2003;Ball 2006).…”

Vitamin B1 in critically ill patients: needs and challenges

“…As glycolysis is re-engaged when initiating refeeding the requirement of thiamine-dependent enzymes intensifies, exhausting any thiamine stores available, potentially leading to the associated metabolic and neurological complications of TD. Although there is no direct evidence that links thiamine supplementation to improving the status of RFS, recommendations from case reports, reviews and guidelines all support thiamine administration prior to commencing and during the course of refeeding [2,50,51,71,[106][107][108]. In addition, parenteral or enteral refeeding is one of the main risk factors associated with RFS, along with alcoholism, post-bariatric surgery, cancer and anorexia [101].…”

“…On a broader scale, this (much later) resulted in the addition of vitamins in foodstuffs, the existence of vitamin supplements as preventative measures to beriberi (vitamin B1 deficiency), rickets (vitamin D deficiency), scurvy (vitamin C deficiency) and pellagra (vitamin B3 deficiency), as well as vitamin recommended dietary intakes (RDI) [1,2,30,[37][38][39].…”

“…These stores can however become depleted in as little as 18 days after the cessation of thiamine intake [2,3]. This leads to a variety of clinical features that are often vague and sometimes non-specific [4][5][6].…”

Should we give vitamins to children?

“…К характерным при-знакам относят также нарушение серкреторной и мотор-ной функции ЖКТ [34], снижение иммунитета [35]. Коррекция дефицита В1 снижает выраженность проявле-ний сахарного диабета 2-го типа [36,37], а у больных с септическим шоком приводит к значительному улучше-нию метаболических показателей [38].…”