“They are not satisfied until they see our blood”: Syndemic HIV risks for trans women in urban Haiti

Joshi, Manisha; Rahill, Guitele J.; Carrington, Cherelle; Mabie, Alexander; Salinas-Miranda, Abraham; Thomas, Nicholas J.; Morales, Amanda; Grippo, Lucy; Grey, Amanda

doi:10.1080/00207411.2021.1891364

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Thus, context as well as language may need to be considered when administering the ACE-IQ in settings where individuals' roles take precedence over their sex or selfidentification (Rahill et al 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The response categories included: as a woman , man , homosexual , lesbian , and I have a different identification . Although we are aware that woman and man denote sex and homosexual and lesbian denote sexual orientation, we used these terms based on extant knowledge that contextual nomenclature for non-heteronormative persons in Haiti are typically adopted and used by Cité Soleil SGM (Joshi et al 2021). We further added 20 socio-demographic questions such as age, relationship status, education, employment status, and income.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Health disparities for SGM in Cité Soleil are associated with socio-political conditions and Haiti's poor record of human rights that sustain alienation, stigmatization, and violence towards SGM. SGM in Cité Soleil reportedly face violence such as bullying, stabbings, beatings, being shot, emotional abuse, sleep deprivation, and sexual coercion while grappling with Haiti's apparent lack of rape empathy (Rahill et al 2020;Joshi et al 2021). Previous studies report that Haitian SGM and their heteronormative neighbours lack awareness of terminology that would clarify distinctions among sex, gender, gender identity, gender roles and gender expression and, therefore, self-identify using pejorative terms imposed by a homophobic and transphobic society (Rahill et al 2020).…”

Section: Health Disparities and Sgm In Haiti And In Cité Soleilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Cité Soleil, SGM health disparities are linked with sociopolitical conditions, its poor record of human rights, alienation, stigmatization, and experiences of violence. Specifically, Cité Soleil SGM reportedly face bullying, stabbings, beatings, being shot, emotional abuse, and sexual coercion (Rahill et al, 2020; Joshi et al, 2021). Previous studies report that Haitian SGM lack awareness of terminology that would clarify distinctions among sex, gender, gender identity, gender roles and gender expression and, therefore, self-identify using pejorative terms imposed by their heteronormative peers (Rahill et al, 2020).…”

Section: Sexual and Gender Minorities (Sgm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For Cité Soleil SGM, the experience of interpersonal and community violence is intensified by religious beliefs that disparage non-heteronormative gender expression, local norms that minimize the worth of women, widespread substance use, and easy access to weapons (Durban-Albrecht 2017; Joshi et al 2021). In addition, a 2020 penal code in Haiti prescribes imprisonment for crimes against SGM, falls short of removing steep financial penalties for same-sex marriage and prohibits a certificate of good standing to non-cisgender and non-heterosexual individuals (Human Rights Watch 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-identification by Sexual and Gender Minorities as a Crucial Aspect of Inclusion in a Study of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Haiti

Heger,

Paul,

Jean-Baptiste

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Measures of biopsychosocial are inevitably affected by contextual norms, local ideologies, social mores, and self-identification as well as extant policies and laws. Self-identification can is often emotionally laden and can be constrained by fear of reprisal if one’s self-identification departs from acceptable and affirmed norms. Hence, measurement efforts can be hampered and results from established measures can fail to yield accurate and useful data. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are understudied in Haiti. We investigated ACEs in Haiti’s urban using the ACE international questionnaire (ACE-IQ). Descriptive statistics permitted exploration of: (1) relationship between participants’ self-identification and sex recorded as observed by interviewers, and (2) prevalence of ACEs by self-reported identity. Roughly half participants self-identified as ’Woman’ (56%; n = 380), 39% as ’Man’ (n = 265), 2% as ’Homosexual’ (n = 13), and 2% as ’Lesbian’ (n =14). Contradictions emerged between participant self-identification and interviewers’ record of sex: 98% self-identified women were observed/recorded as ’Female’, one was observed/recorded as ’Male’, and there was no record for 5. Similarly, 95% self-identified men were observed/recorded as ’Male’, six as ’Female’, two as ’Other’, and there was no record for 5. Although Sexual and Gender Minorities (SGM) constituted a small subsample (n = 27), their responses underscored disproportionate burdens of physical, emotional, sexual abuse, family dysfunction, and interpersonal violence (bullying, community, collective) relative to others. Conducting ACE-IQ studies in Haiti that provide inclusive categories of self-identification may more equitably capture unique ACEs of all Haitians.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Health Disparities and Sgm In Haiti And In Cité Soleilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sexual and Gender Minorities (Sgm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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