Theta ganglion cell type of cat retina

Berson, DM; Isayama, Tomoki; Pu, Mingliang

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(20000131)417:1<32::aid-cne3>3.0.co;2-s

Cited by 63 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…They are thought to produce transient OnOff responses without direction selectivity, like the W3 cells (44). In the macaque retina, a closely similar ganglion cell is the "broad thorny" type (45).…”

Section: W3 Cells Are Feature Detectors Suitable For Detecting Aerialmentioning

confidence: 99%

The most numerous ganglion cell type of the mouse retina is a selective feature detector

Zhang

Kim

Sanes

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

278

324

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The retina reports the visual scene to the brain through many parallel channels, each carried by a distinct population of retinal ganglion cells. Among these, the population with the smallest and densest receptive fields encodes the neural image with highest resolution. In human retina, and those of cat and macaque, these high-resolution ganglion cells act as generic pixel encoders: They serve to represent many different visual inputs and convey a neural image of the scene downstream for further processing. Here we identify and analyze high-resolution ganglion cells in the mouse retina, using a transgenic line in which these cells, called “W3”, are labeled fluorescently. Counter to the expectation, these ganglion cells do not participate in encoding generic visual scenes, but remain silent during most common visual stimuli. A detailed study of their response properties showed that W3 cells pool rectified excitation from both On and Off bipolar cells, which makes them sensitive to local motion. However, they also receive unusually strong lateral inhibition, both pre- and postsynaptically, triggered by distant motion. As a result, the W3 cell can detect small moving objects down to the receptive field size of bipolar cells, but only if the background is featureless or stationary—an unusual condition. A survey of naturalistic stimuli shows that W3 cells may serve as alarm neurons for overhead predators.

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Section: W3 Cells Are Feature Detectors Suitable For Detecting Aerialmentioning

confidence: 99%

The most numerous ganglion cell type of the mouse retina is a selective feature detector

Zhang

Kim

Sanes

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

278

324

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Other types of bistratified RGCs in rabbit retina include the ON-OFF DSGCs (Amthor et al, 1983), the G3 ganglion cells (Rockhill et al, 2002;Hoshi et al, 2009), and possibly the type 3 bistratified (BS3) cell, whose characterization depends on a single Golgi-stained example (Famiglietti, 2009). In addition, we have recently characterized a novel type of RGC in rabbit retina that is narrowly bistratified in S2 and S3 of the IPL and responds transiently at light ON and light OFF (B. Sivyer, unpublished) These "transient ON-OFF" cells are morphologically distinct from the local edge detectors, which give more sustained responses at light ON and OFF, and they appear morphologically and functionally homologous to the theta cells in cat retina (O'Brien et al, 1999;Isayama et al, 2000). It appears, therefore, that there are at least six or seven distinct types of bistratified RGCs in rabbit retina.…”

Section: Diversity Of Bistratified Rgcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendritic morphology and tracer-coupling pattern of physiologically identified transient uniformity detector ganglion cells in rabbit retina

Sivyer

Vaney

2010

Vis Neurosci

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Transient uniformity detectors (UDs) are a unique type of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) whose maintained firing is transiently suppressed by all types of visual stimuli. In this study, we have characterized the dendritic morphology and tracer-coupling pattern of UDs that were labeled by loose-seal electroporation of Neurobiotin following functional identification in the isolated rabbit retina. The UDs have a bistratified dendritic tree, branching near the margins of the inner plexiform layer in stratum 1 (part of the OFF sublamina) and stratum 4/5 (part of the ON sublamina). Characteristically, many of the distal dendrites in the OFF arbor do not terminate there but dive recurrently back to the ON arbor. As a consequence, the ON dendritic arbor is usually twice as large as the OFF dendritic arbor in area. The UDs sometimes show homologous tracer coupling to neighboring RGCs with the same morphology, and from this material, we estimate that the UDs have a threefold dendritic field overlap and a maximum density of ~100 cells/mm2 on the peak visual streak, accounting for ~2% of RGCs in rabbit retina. The UDs also show strong heterologous tracer coupling to a novel type of amacrine cell that costratifies with the ON arbor of the UD. Consistent with their unistratified medium-field morphology, these St4/5 amacrine cells appear to be GABAergic: their somata are immunopositive for GABA but immunonegative for glycine and glycine transporter 1. We compare the dendritic morphology of the UDs to that of other types of bistratified RGCs described in rabbit retina and note that the stratification levels and distinctive recurrent dendrites closely resemble those of the "ON bistratified diving" RGCs. This raises the possibility that there are two types of RGCs with distinctive physiological properties that have almost identical bistratified dendritic morphologies.

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“…Although the feline retina contains several morphologic classes of ganglion cells, 16,19,24,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] it is not difficult, particularly in the temporal FIGURE 3. Histograms comparing the soma sizes for ␣ and ␤ cells from normal feline eyes, eyes receiving an optic nerve injury and no treatment, and those receiving an optic nerve injury and treatment with BDNF at the time of the injury.…”

Section: Weber and Harmanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the acridine-stained retina the large cells are readily identified as ␣ cells, medium-sized cells are predominantly ␤ cells, and the remaining cells with small somata are mainly displaced amacrine or non-␣/␤ cells. 27,28,30,34 In this study, we chose to focus our analysis on ␣ and ␤ cells because they provide the primary input to the visual thalamus, 26,34,35 and their morphologies and functional roles are well documented. 16,36,37 We were able to identify and thus include only ␣ and ␤ cells because, as in other studies, the basic morphologic features needed to characterize the different types of ganglion cells remained evident, even for degenerating neurons.…”

Section: Weber and Harmanmentioning

confidence: 99%

BDNF Preserves the Dendritic Morphology of α and β Ganglion Cells in the Cat Retina after Optic Nerve Injury

Weber

Harman

2008

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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BDNF, in addition to promoting ganglion cell survival, plays an important role in preserving the somal and dendritic morphologies of the surviving ganglion cells, a necessary precursor to maintaining normal visual function. Ganglion cells, however, are not created equal with respect to their responses to nerve injury or to treatment of the eye with BDNF. Thus, development of effective treatment strategies for preserving ganglion cell function in optic nerve-related diseases mandates a clearer understanding of the cellular response characteristics of the specific neurons involved.

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Theta ganglion cell type of cat retina

Cited by 63 publications

References 54 publications

The most numerous ganglion cell type of the mouse retina is a selective feature detector

The most numerous ganglion cell type of the mouse retina is a selective feature detector

Dendritic morphology and tracer-coupling pattern of physiologically identified transient uniformity detector ganglion cells in rabbit retina

BDNF Preserves the Dendritic Morphology of α and β Ganglion Cells in the Cat Retina after Optic Nerve Injury

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