Theta‐burst repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation suppresses specific excitatory circuits in the human motor cortex

Lazzaro, Vincenzo Di; Pilato, Fabio; Saturno, E.; Oliviero, Antonio; Dileone, M.; Mazzone, Paolo; Insola, Angelo; Tonali, P.; Ranieri, Federico; Huang, Ying Zu; Rothwell, John C.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2005.087288

Cited by 341 publications

(262 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…According to the idea that LTP reserve is greater in RR-MS than in PP-MS subjects, post hoc contrasts showed that iTBS-induced LTP was more pronounced in RR-MS than in PP-MS at 0 min (F ϭ 3.50, p Ͻ 0.05) and 15 min (F ϭ 3.60, p Ͻ 0.05) after the stimulation procedure. No differences emerged between RR-MS and healthy individuals, as iTBS caused the expected LTP-like phenomenon (Huang et al, 2005) in both groups (Fig. 1A).…”

Section: Ltp Induction In the Motor Cortex Of Rr-ms And Of Pp-msmentioning

confidence: 97%

Synaptic Plasticity and PDGF Signaling Defects Underlie Clinical Progression in Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2013

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Neuroplasticity is essential to prevent clinical worsening despite continuing neuronal loss in several brain diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). The precise nature of the adaptation mechanisms taking place in MS brains, ensuring protection from disability appearance and accumulation, is however unknown. Here, we explored the hypothesis that long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP), potentially able to minimize the effects of neuronal loss by providing extra excitation of denervated neurons, is the most relevant form of adaptive plasticity in stable MS patients, and it is disrupted in progressing MS patients. We found that LTP, explored by means of transcranial magnetic theta burst stimulation over the primary motor cortex, was still possible, and even favored, in stable relapsing-remitting (RR-MS) patients, whereas it was absent in individuals with primary progressive MS (PP-MS). We also provided evidence that plateletderived growth factor (PDGF) plays a substantial role in favoring both LTP and brain reserve in MS patients, as this molecule: (1)

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Section: Ltp Induction In the Motor Cortex Of Rr-ms And Of Pp-msmentioning

confidence: 97%

Synaptic Plasticity and PDGF Signaling Defects Underlie Clinical Progression in Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2013

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confidence: 99%

“…One recently developed variant of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS;Huang et al 2005), has shown promise because of its rapid application (Ͻ1 min), its ability to produce behavioral effects for up to 1 h after stimulation, and its connection to known neuronal mechanisms, such as long-term potentiation and depression (LTD). Indeed, research has shown that cTBS reduces motor cortical excitability in a manner consistent with LTD effects (Allen et al 2007;Di Lazzaro et al 2005Gentner et al 2008;Huang et al 2005Huang et al , 2007.When applied to the occipital cortex, cTBS has been found to increase phosphene thresholds (PTs), such that higher stimulation intensity is needed to produce conscious visual experience (Franca et al 2006). One possibility is that such an increase in PTs is, at least in part, due to decreased connectivity between areas in the early visual cortex, which would make the Here we tested for this possibility by investigating the resting state connectivity between retinotopically defined regions in the early visual cortex after occipital application of cTBS.…”

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confidence: 99%

Continuous theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces resting state connectivity between visual areas

Rahnev

Kok

Munneke

et al. 2013

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Research to date has focused on the effect of cTBS on the target area, but less is known about its effects on the resting state functional connectivity between different brain regions. We investigated this issue by applying cTBS to the occipital cortex and probing its influence in retinotopically defined regions in early visual cortex using functional MRI. We found that occipital cTBS reliably decreased the resting state functional connectivity (i.e., the correlation of spontaneous activity) between regions of the early visual cortex. In the context of a perceptual task, such an effect could mean that cTBS affects the strength of the perceptual signal, its variability, or both. We investigated this issue in a second experiment in which subjects performed a perceptual discrimination task and indicated their level of certainty on each trial. The results showed that occipital cTBS decreased both subjects' accuracy and confidence. Signal detection modeling suggested that these impairments resulted primarily from a decreased strength of the perceptual signal, with a nonsignificant trend of a decrease in signal variability. We discuss the implications of these experiments for understanding the mechanisms by which cTBS influences brain activity and perceptual processes. cTBS; fMRI; visual cortex; perception; resting state connectivity; signal detection theory REPETITIVE TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC stimulation is a popular technique used to transiently affect neural activity in a noninvasive manner. One recently developed variant of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS;Huang et al. 2005), has shown promise because of its rapid application (Ͻ1 min), its ability to produce behavioral effects for up to 1 h after stimulation, and its connection to known neuronal mechanisms, such as long-term potentiation and depression (LTD). Indeed, research has shown that cTBS reduces motor cortical excitability in a manner consistent with LTD effects (Allen et al. 2007;Di Lazzaro et al. 2005Gentner et al. 2008;Huang et al. 2005Huang et al. , 2007.When applied to the occipital cortex, cTBS has been found to increase phosphene thresholds (PTs), such that higher stimulation intensity is needed to produce conscious visual experience (Franca et al. 2006). One possibility is that such an increase in PTs is, at least in part, due to decreased connectivity between areas in the early visual cortex, which would make the Here we tested for this possibility by investigating the resting state connectivity between retinotopically defined regions in the early visual cortex after occipital application of cTBS. We identified areas V1, V2, and V3 as three separate regions of interest (ROIs) and found that cTBS decreased the resting state functional connectivity between each pair of regions. In separate analyses, we separated the left and right hemisphere of each of these areas and observed that cTBS decreased the inter-and intrahemispheric resting state connectivity between these retinotopically defined re...

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“…The timing of so-called indirect waves (I-waves) of activity may also be important; these are waves of activity caused by synaptic activation that occur after direct activation of axons [42]. For example continuous TBS depresses early I-waves [25] but intermittent TBS enhances later I-waves [24]. More recently, Hamada et al [16] have suggested that the population of neurons that is stimulated is of importance since this may influence which form of I-waves predominates.…”

Section: Repetitive Tms and Theta Burst Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modelling of plasticity induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation

et al. 2013

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We use neural field theory and spike-timing dependent plasticity to make a simple but biophysically reasonable model of long-term plasticity changes in the cortex due to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We show how common TMS protocols can be captured and studied within existing neural field theory. Specifically, we look at repetitive TMS protocols such as theta burst stimulation and paired-pulse protocols. Continuous repetitive protocols result mostly in depression, but intermittent repetitive protocols in potentiation. A paired pulse protocol results in depression at short (<∼ 10 ms) and long (>∼ 100 ms) interstimulus intervals, but potentiation for mid-range intervals. The model is sensitive to the choice of neural populations that are driven by the TMS pulses, and to the parameters that describe plasticity, which may aid interpretation of the high variability in existing experimental results. Driving excitatory populations results in greater plasticity changes than driving inhibitory populations. Modelling also shows the merit in optimizing a TMS protocol based on an individual's electroencephalogram. Moreover, the model can be used to make predictions about protocols that may lead to improvements in repetitive TMS outcomes.

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Theta‐burst repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation suppresses specific excitatory circuits in the human motor cortex

Cited by 341 publications

References 17 publications

Synaptic Plasticity and PDGF Signaling Defects Underlie Clinical Progression in Multiple Sclerosis

Synaptic Plasticity and PDGF Signaling Defects Underlie Clinical Progression in Multiple Sclerosis

Continuous theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces resting state connectivity between visual areas

Numerical modelling of plasticity induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation

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