This review is devoted to the thermogaphic hands examination in patients with upper limbs vascular disorders (both arterial and venous), Raynaud’s phenomenon, ischemic heart disease and after surgical interventions on the vessels of the upper extremities, thoracic sympathectomy, as well as a number of more rare diseases and clinical situations. Studies of temperature distributions on the hands of such patients are promising in terms of creating, on their basis, decision support systems in screening, diagnostics and treatment monitoring.