Thermostable direct hemolysin gene of Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a virulence gene acquired by a marine bacterium

Nishibuchi, Mitsuaki; Kaper, James B.

doi:10.1128/iai.63.6.2093-2099.1995

Cited by 342 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…However, none of the V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated via cultivation were positive for these genes, a result corresponding with the findings of Bauer et al (2006). Previous studies claim that these virulence markers are present only in approximately 1-2% of environmental isolates (Nishibuchi & Kaper, 1995). We used PCR instead of cultivation, and were able to detect a high prevalence, but despite this, we cannot exclude the fact that our findings may differ from the others due to variation in location and habitat.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Occurrence and potential pathogenesis of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus on the South Coast of Sweden

Collin

Rehnstam-Holm

2011

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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During the summer of 2006, several wound infections - of which three were fatal - caused by Vibrio cholerae were reported from patients who had been exposed to water from the Baltic Sea. Before these reports, we initiated a sampling project investigating the occurrence of potential human pathogenic V. cholerae, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in The Sound between Sweden and Denmark. The Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) was used as an indicator to follow the occurrence of vibrios over time. Molecular analyses showed high frequencies of the most potent human pathogenic Vibrio spp.; 53% of mussel samples were positive for V. cholerae (although none were positive for the cholera toxin gene), 63% for V. vulnificus and 79% for V. parahaemolyticus (of which 47% were tdh(+) and/or trh(+)). Viable vibrios were also isolated from the mussel meat and screened for virulence by PCR. The mortality of eukaryotic cells when exposed to bacteria was tested in vivo, with results showing that the Vibrio strains, independent of species and origin, were harmful to the cells. Despite severe infections and several deaths, no report on potential human pathogenic vibrios in this area had been published before this study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Occurrence and potential pathogenesis of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus on the South Coast of Sweden

Collin

Rehnstam-Holm

2011

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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“…The molecular screening of isolates in the present study revealed only one of the V. parahaemolyticus strains to be carrying the tdh gene. This is in agreement with previous studies (Nishibuchi & Kaper, 1995), which have stated that only 1-2% of environmental strains carry the virulence genes tdh/trh. Nonetheless, here we found that 69% of Mozambican strains exhibited hemolytic properties, compared with only 38% of Indian and 40% of Swedish strains.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Characteristics of potentially pathogenic vibrios from subtropical Mozambique compared with isolates from tropical India and boreal Sweden

Collin

Rehnstam-Holm

Börjesson

et al. 2012

FEMS Microbiol Ecol

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Reported outbreaks of Vibrio parahaemolyticus have increased worldwide, particularly in regions of high seafood consumption. In Mozambique, seafood constitutes an important food resource and diarrheal diseases are common among its inhabitants. Edible clams were collected in Maputo Bay during both the dry and rainy seasons, with the results showing the number of viable counts of vibrios in clams to peak during the latter. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was the predominant species identified among the isolated strains. Although only one of 109 total strains carried the tdh virulence gene, 69% of isolates showed evidence of hemolytic capacity when subjected to a functional test. Similar virulence patterns and biochemical properties were found in strains isolated from Indian and Swedish marine waters. Antibiotic resistance was, however, more pronounced in strains isolated from these latter two environments.

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“…Low incidences of toxigenic (carrying tdh and/or trh genes) V. parahaemolyticus in the marine environment have been reported many times (Nishibuchi and Kaper, 1995;US FDA, 2001;DePaola et al, 2003a). However, our results show that V. parahaemolyticus trh-positive strains were present in all the geographical areas sampled in the period 2002-2009 (Table 1) and that their prevalence (13%), in agreement with previous studies (Ottaviani et al, 2010a;Serracca et al, 2011), was higher with respect to that reported in extra-European and European countries (Robert-Pillot et al, 2004;Bauer et al, 2006;Wagley et al, 2008;Rodriguez-Castro et al, 2010).…”

Section: Molecular Typing Of Trh-positive Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Strmentioning

confidence: 99%

An extensive investigation into the prevalence and the genetic and serological diversity of toxigenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Italian marine coastal waters

Ottaviani

Leoni

Rocchegiani

et al. 2012

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary The relationship between Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from the aquatic environment and those isolated from cases of infection in humans is poorly understood due to the low prevalence of tdh‐ and/or trh‐positive strains in the environment. To address this concern, it would be useful to analyse the genetic relationships among environmental and food strains and with reference to clinical isolates, also applying molecular typing methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of toxigenic V. parahaemolyticus in Italian coastal waters and seafood, to examine intra‐species variability and to identify, using serotyping and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), relationships among strains from different sources, geographical origin and period of isolation. Of the 192 V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated in different Italian areas and examined in this study, 25 (13.0%) proved to carry the trh gene while none of the strains proved positive to the search by PCR for tdh and Group‐Specific‐toxRS genes. The prevalence of toxigenic strains in the Tyrrhenian Sea was significantly lower than that calculated for the Ligurian coasts. Regarding the sources of isolation, the higher prevalence of trh‐positive V. parahaemolyticus was revealed in fish, followed by clams, plankton, oysters, mussels and lastly seawater. Within the toxigenic strains, 16 serotypes and 20 distinct PFGE patterns were identified. Two clusters, which included a total of 8 V. parahaemolyticus strains, were specifically associated with the North Adriatic Sea area and were stable over time. Our results demonstrate that trh‐positive V. parahaemolyticus strains circulated in Italy in the period 2002–2009 with a prevalence higher than that reported from other European and extra‐European countries, confirming that toxigenic V. parahaemolyticus is an emerging public health concern in Italy, regardless of its pandemic potential.

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Thermostable direct hemolysin gene of Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a virulence gene acquired by a marine bacterium

Cited by 342 publications

References 69 publications

Occurrence and potential pathogenesis of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus on the South Coast of Sweden

Occurrence and potential pathogenesis of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus on the South Coast of Sweden

Characteristics of potentially pathogenic vibrios from subtropical Mozambique compared with isolates from tropical India and boreal Sweden

An extensive investigation into the prevalence and the genetic and serological diversity of toxigenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Italian marine coastal waters

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