Thermostable Cellulases / Xylanases From Thermophilic and Hyperthermophilic Microorganisms: Current Perspective

Abstract

The bioconversion of lignocellulose into monosaccharides is critical for ensuring the continual manufacturing of biofuels and value-added bioproducts. Enzymatic degradation, which has a high yield, low energy consumption, and enhanced selectivity, could be the most efficient and environmentally friendly technique for converting complex lignocellulose polymers to fermentable monosaccharides, and it is expected to make cellulases and xylanases the most demanded industrial enzymes. The widespread nature of thermophilic microorganisms allows them to proliferate on a variety of substrates and release substantial quantities of cellulases and xylanases, which makes them a great source of thermostable enzymes. The most significant breakthrough of lignocellulolytic enzymes lies in lignocellulose-deconstruction by enzymatic depolymerization of holocellulose into simple monosaccharides. However, commercially valuable thermostable cellulases and xylanases are challenging to produce in high enough quantities. Thus, the present review aims at giving an overview of the most recent thermostable cellulases and xylanases isolated from thermophilic and hyperthermophilic microbes. The emphasis is on recent advancements in manufacturing these enzymes in other mesophilic host and enhancement of catalytic activity as well as thermostability of thermophilic cellulases and xylanases, using genetic engineering as a promising and efficient technology for its economic production. Additionally, the biotechnological applications of thermostable cellulases and xylanases of thermophiles were also discussed.

Compost-derived thermophilic microorganisms producing glycoside hydrolase activities as new potential biocatalysts for sustainable processes

“…Therefore, this work has provided an additional improvement in the clari cation of the microbial role in the deconstruction of organic matter and has laid the foundations for setting-up controlled ecosustainable bioconversion reactions. Enzymatic degradation, which has a high yield, low energy consumption, and enhanced selectivity, could be the most e cient and environmentally friendly technique for converting complex lignocellulose polymers to fermentable monosaccharides, and it is expected to make cellulases and xylanases the most demanded industrial enzymes [59].…”

Lignocellulolytic Biocatalysts: The Main Players Involved in Multiple Biotechnological Processes for Biomass Valorization

“…This, in turn, showed high enzyme activity when compared to uncomplexed cellulases. Improving lignocellulolytic enzyme stability under adverse environmental conditions is also highly sought, as it allows hydrolysis at elevated temperatures, which is often necessary for industrial biomass conversion processes [ 349 ]. Using targeted evolution, a recent study has demonstrated 820-fold increased thermostability in the GH11 family [ 350 ].…”

Thermostable enzyme research advances: a bibliometric analysis

“…Chemical engineering Study on dye-linked L-lactate dehydrogenase [66], lignification [67], dishwashing machine [68], degradation of lignocellulose [69], biodegradable polymer, biotransformation, fine chemical industry, bio-bleaching and dye decolorizing agent [70], renewable bioethanol [71] and enzyme immobilization for the hydrolysis reaction [72]. The most important enzymes: Lipase, cellulase, xylanase, glucosidase and amylase.…”