Thermosensitive Splicing of a Clock Gene and Seasonal Adaptation

Chen, W.-F.; Low, Kwang Huei; Lim, Cecilia; Edery, Isaac

doi:10.1101/sqb.2007.72.021

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…As observed in other animals, ambient temperature has significant effects on the wake–sleep states of Drosophila (Majercak et al, 1999; Chen et al, 2007). An active mechanism called “temperature compensation” ensures that the rhythms of locomotor activity are relatively constant over a broad range of physiological temperatures.…”

Section: Warm Ambient Temperature Has the Opposite Effect On Daytime mentioning

confidence: 79%

Factors that Differentially Affect Daytime and Nighttime Sleep in Drosophila melanogaster

2012

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Rest in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has key characteristics of mammalian sleep and is thus considered as a fly version of sleep. Drosophila sleep has been studied extensively, with the aim of gaining fundamental insights into the evolutionarily conserved functions of sleep as well as the mechanisms that regulate it. An interesting question that has not yet been addressed is whether fly sleep can be classified into distinct sleep types, each having particular biological roles – like rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep in birds and mammals. Typically, Drosophila sleep displays a bimodal pattern, consisting of distinct daytime and nighttime components. Notably, daytime and nighttime sleep differ with respect to several qualities, such as sleep-bout lengths and arousal thresholds. In this short review, we describe several genetic and environmental factors that differentially affect daytime and nighttime sleep, highlighting the observations suggesting the notion that these temporally distinct components of Drosophila sleep may have unique biological functions and be regulated by different homeostatic regulatory mechanisms.

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Section: Warm Ambient Temperature Has the Opposite Effect On Daytime mentioning

confidence: 79%

Factors that Differentially Affect Daytime and Nighttime Sleep in Drosophila melanogaster

2012

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“…In both of these cases olfactory cues are responsible for the activity changes (Fujii et al, 2007; Krupp et al, 2008; Levine et al, 2002b), which indicates that olfactory signaling, which is also under circadian control (Krishnan et al, 1999; Krishnan et al, 2008; Tanoue et al, 2008; Tanoue et al, 2004), is likely integrated with light and temperature to determine the timing of activity. Several excellent reviews have been published that provide a more in-depth description of the discovery, function and modulation of morning and evening oscillators (Allada and Chung, 2010; Choi and Nitabach, 2010; Dubruille and Emery, 2008), and insight into the mechanisms by which temperature entrains circadian oscillators to effect seasonal adaptation (Chen et al, 2007; Dubruille and Emery, 2008; Glaser and Stanewsky, 2007). …”

Section: Light Entrainment Of the Drosophila Circadian Feedback Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Genetic Analysis of Circadian Timekeeping in Drosophila

Hardin

2011

Advances in Genetics

322

375

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A genetic screen for mutants that alter circadian rhythms in Drosophila identified the first clock gene - the period (per) gene. The per gene is a central player within a transcriptional feedback loop that represents the core mechanism for keeping circadian time in Drosophila and other animals. The per feedback loop, or core loop, is interlocked with the Clock (Clk) feedback loop, but whether the Clk feedback loop contributes to circadian timekeeping is not known. A series of distinct molecular events are thought to control transcriptional feedback in the core loop. The time it takes to complete these events should take much less than 24h, thus delays must be imposed at different steps within the core loop. As new clock genes are identified, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these delays have been revealed in ever-increasing detail, and provide an in depth accounting of how transcriptional feedback loops keep circadian time. The phase of these feedback loops shift to maintain synchrony with environmental cycles, the most reliable of which is light. Although a great deal is known about cell-autonomous mechanisms of light-induced phase shifting by CRYPTOCHROME (CRY), much less is known about non-cell autonomous mechanisms. CRY mediates phase shifts through an uncharacterized mechanism in certain brain oscillator neurons, and carries out a dual role as a photoreceptor and transcription factor in other tissues. Here I will review how transcriptional feedback loops function to keep time in Drosophila, how they impose delays to maintain a 24h cycle, and how they maintain synchrony with environmental light:dark cycles. The transcriptional feedback loops that keep time in Drosophila are well conserved in other animals, thus what we learn about these loops in Drosophila should continue to provide insight into the operation of analogous transcriptional feedback loops in other animals.

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“…4. As indicated in steps (2) and (3), the length of time needed for the preparation of experimental animals varies greatly depending on the nature and design of the experiment. In the case where transgenic animals need to be generated or if crossing schemes need to be executed, more time will obviously be needed.…”

Section: Preparation Of Experimental Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A major reason for altering the photoperiod or temperature from the standard is if one wanted to study how daily activity patterns undergo seasonal adaptation (e.g. Chen et al 2007). Drosophila can also be entrained to daily temperature cycles (e.g.…”

Section: Experimental Design To Record Data For Determination Of Circmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assaying Locomotor Activity to Study Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Parameters in <em>Drosophila</em>

Chiu¹,

Low²,

Pike³

et al. 2010

JoVE

143

149

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Most life forms exhibit daily rhythms in cellular, physiological and behavioral phenomena that are driven by endogenous circadian (≡24 hr) pacemakers or clocks. Malfunctions in the human circadian system are associated with numerous diseases or disorders. Much progress towards our understanding of the mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms has emerged from genetic screens whereby an easily measured behavioral rhythm is used as a read-out of clock function. Studies using Drosophila have made seminal contributions to our understanding of the cellular and biochemical bases underlying circadian rhythms. The standard circadian behavioral read-out measured in Drosophila is locomotor activity. In general, the monitoring system involves specially designed devices that can measure the locomotor movement of Drosophila. These devices are housed in environmentally controlled incubators located in a darkroom and are based on using the interruption of a beam of infrared light to record the locomotor activity of individual flies contained inside small tubes. When measured over many days, Drosophila exhibit daily cycles of activity and inactivity, a behavioral rhythm that is governed by the animal's endogenous circadian system. The overall procedure has been simplified with the advent of commercially available locomotor activity monitoring devices and the development of software programs for data analysis. We use the system from Trikinetics Inc., which is the procedure described here and is currently the most popular system used worldwide. More recently, the same monitoring devices have been used to study sleep behavior in Drosophila. Because the daily wake-sleep cycles of many flies can be measured simultaneously and only 1 to 2 weeks worth of continuous locomotor activity data is usually sufficient, this system is ideal for large-scale screens to identify Drosophila manifesting altered circadian or sleep properties.

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Thermosensitive Splicing of a Clock Gene and Seasonal Adaptation

Cited by 25 publications

References 58 publications

Factors that Differentially Affect Daytime and Nighttime Sleep in Drosophila melanogaster

Factors that Differentially Affect Daytime and Nighttime Sleep in Drosophila melanogaster

Molecular Genetic Analysis of Circadian Timekeeping in Drosophila

Assaying Locomotor Activity to Study Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Parameters in <em>Drosophila</em>

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