Thermoregulation in spinal man

Guttmann, Ludwig; Silver, Jonathan; Wyndham, C. H.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1958.sp006026

Cited by 133 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…As these subjects demonstrate a complete loss or severely reduced sweating capacity 6,7 large increases in body temperature can occur during exercise. 8 However, Ready 9 and Gass 10 reported only small increases in rectal temperature for tetraplegic athletes during 30 min of exercise in cool conditions (218C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoregulatory responses of spinal cord injured and able-bodied athletes to prolonged upper body exercise and recovery

Price

Campbell

1999

Spinal Cord

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Study design: Single trial, two factor repeated measures design. Setting: England, Cheshire. Objectives: To examine the thermoregulatory responses of able-bodied (AB) athletes, paraplegic (PA) athletes and a tetraplegic (TP) athlete at rest, during prolonged upper body exercise and recovery. Methods: Exercise was performed on a Monark cycle ergometer (Ergomedic 814E) adapted for arm exercise at 60% VO 2 peak for 60 min in cool conditions (`normal' laboratory temperature; 21.5+1.78C and 47+7.8% relative humidity). Aural and skin temperatures were continually monitored. Results: Mean (+S.D.) peak oxygen uptake values were greater (P50.05) for the AB when compared to the PA (3.45+0.45 l min 71 and 2.00+0.46 l min 71 , respectively). Peak oxygen uptake for the TP was 0.91 l min 71 . At rest, aural temperature was similar between groups (36.2+0.38C, 36.3+0.38C and 36.38C for AB, PA and TP athletes, respectively). During exercise, aural temperature demonstrated relatively steady state values increasing by 0.6+0.48C and 0.6+0.38C for the AB and PA athletes, respectively. The TP athlete demonstrated a gradual rise in aural temperature throughout the exercise period of 0.98C. Thigh skin temperature increased by 1.3+2.58C for the AB athletes (P50.05) whereas the PA athletes demonstrated little change in temperature (0.1+3.48C and 70.78C respectively). Calf temperature increased for the PA athletes by 1.0+3.68C (P50.05), whereas a decrease was observed for the AB athletes of 71.0+2.08C (P50.05) during the exercise period. During 30 min of passive recovery, the AB athletes demonstrated greater decreases in aural temperatures than those for the PA athletes (P50.05). Aural temperature for the TP increased peaking at 5 min of recovery remaining elevated until the end of the recovery period. Fluid consumption and weight losses were similar for the AB and PA athletes (598+433 ml and 403+368 ml; 0.38+0.39 kg and 0.38+0.31 kg, respectively), whereas changes in plasma volume were greater for the AB athletes (79.8+5.8% and 4.36+4.9%, respectively; P50.05). Conclusion:The results of this study suggest that under the experimental conditions PA athletes are at no greater thermal risk than AB athletes. A relationship between the available muscle mass for heat production and sweating capacity appears evident for the maintenance of thermal balance. During recovery from exercise, decreases in aural temperature, skin temperature and heat storage were greatest for the AB athletes with the greatest capacity for heat loss and lowest for the TP athlete with the smallest capacity for heat loss. Initial observations on one TP athlete suggest substantial thermoregulatory di erences when compared to AB and PA athletes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoregulatory responses of spinal cord injured and able-bodied athletes to prolonged upper body exercise and recovery

Price

Campbell

1999

Spinal Cord

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“…3,4,18 A reduction in whole-body sweating leads to greater increase in core temperature at rest, and a greater drive for sweating for a given environmental temperature. 19,20 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These individuals, in turn, demonstrate smaller increases than those with tetraplegia (cervical lesions). 4 Individuals with a spinal cord injury at or above T6 are prone to episodes of autonomic hyperreflexia when exposed to incompensable stimuli. These responses have been well documented by Jacobs and Nash, 5 who further suggest that a common stimulus amongst others is a sudden rise in core temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

H eat storage in upper and lower body during high-intensity exercise in athletes with spinal cord injuries

Pritchett¹,

Green²,

Pritchett³

et al. 2011

S. Afr. j. sports med.

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Background: The thermophysiology of athletes with spinal cord injuries (SCI) is not well understood. Spinal cord lesions impact muscle mass, thermoregulatory neural signals and circulatory function. Understanding SCI thermoregulation physiology would benefit exercise function. Therefore, this study was designed to describe heat storage in the upper and lower bodies of SCI and able-bodied (AB) athletes. Procedure: Seven SCI and 8 AB athletes (matched for arm-crank VO2 peak) performed a ramp protocol in an environment similar to an indoor competitive environment (21˚C±1.5˚C, 55±3% relative humidity).Results: SCI athletes experienced similar upper-body heat storage of 0.82±0.59 J.g-1 and lower-body heat storage of 0.47±0.33 J.g-1 compared with that of AB athletes at 0.80±0.61 J.g-1 and 0.27±0.22 J.g-1 for upper and lower body, respectively. There were no significant differences between groups for rectal temperature (Trec) or oesophageal temperature (Tes). However, mean skin temperature (Msk) was significantly higher for SCI throughout the exercise bout (p=0.006). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that SCI and AB athletes appear to thermoregulate in a similar manner, though SCI tend to store slightly more heat.

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“…Thermoregulatory insufficiency in the acute high paraplegic and quadriplegic is perhaps the most common cause of a fever, but it is often the most difficult to prove and usually become a diagnosis of exclusion. It has been clearly shown by Guttmann (Guttmann, 1958, 1976) that humans with spinal cord injuries will behave as partial poikilotherms when exposed to significantly elevated ambient temperatures. However, it has been our experience that in 'sensitive' individuals, a room temperature of 72°F combined with a moderate amount of bedding covering the patient can induce a mild fever.…”

Section: Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%