Thermoregulation in boys and men exercising at the same heat production per unit body mass

Leites, Gabriela Tomedi; Cunha, Giovani dos Santos; Obeid, Joyce; Wilk, Boguslaw; Meyer, Flávia; Timmons, Brian W.

doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3400-4

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The same metabolic heat production, rather than %V O 2peak or maximal power output, was used to match exercise intensity to induce the same thermoregulatory responses. The use of exercise intensity based on metabolic heat production normalized to body mass can provide an unbiased comparison of thermoregulatory responses (i.e., ⌬T re ) in heterogeneous groups, such as children and adults (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, most comparisons of children and adults exercising in the heat have employed similar relative exercise intensities (%V O 2peak ) (2, 13) and have not considered the impact of differential metabolic heat production. A recent study (17) suggested that exercise prescribed to elicit a fixed metabolic heat production per unit body mass guaranteed similar thermoregulatory responses between boys and men exercising in the heat.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Energy substrate utilization with and without exogenous carbohydrate intake in boys and men exercising in the heat

Leites

Cunha

Chu

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Little is known about energy yield during exercise in the heat in boys compared with men. To investigate substrate utilization with and without exogenous carbohydrate (CHO) intake, seven boys [11.2 ± 0.2 (SE) yr] and nine men (24.0 ± 1.1 yr) cycled (4 × 20-min bouts) at a fixed metabolic heat production (Ḣ) per unit body mass (6 W/kg) in a climate chamber (38°C and 50% relative humidity), on two occasions. Participants consumed a C-enriched 8% CHO beverage (CARB) or placebo beverage (CONT) in a double-blinded, counterbalanced manner. Substrate utilization was calculated for the last 60 min of exercise. CHO oxidation rate (2.0 ± 0.3 vs. 2.5 ± 0.2 mg·kg fat-free mass·min, P = 0.02) and CHO oxidation efficiency (12.8 ± 0.6 vs. 16.0 ± 0.9%, P = 0.01) were lower in boys compared with men exercising in the heat. Total carbohydrate (CHO), endogenous CHO (CHO), and total fat (Fat) remained stable in boys and men (P > 0.05) during CARB, whereas CHO oxidation rate decreased (P < 0.001) and Fat oxidation rate increased over time similarly in boys and men during CONT (P < 0.001). The relative contribution of CHO to total energy yield increased over time in both groups (P < 0.001). In conclusion, endogenous substrate metabolism and the relative contribution of fuels to total energy yield were not different between groups. The ingestion of a CHO beverage during exercise in the heat may be as beneficial for boys as men to spare endogenous substrate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy substrate utilization with and without exogenous carbohydrate intake in boys and men exercising in the heat

Leites

Cunha

Chu

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…Because the heat storage capacity of any structure is determined by its mass and thermal properties, exercise performed at a mass-specific metabolic heat production rate (W·kg −1 ) has recently been used to evaluate thermoregulatory function in children and adults ( 53 ). However, as noted above, mass-specific normalization (ratiometric scaling) will only fully account for differences in body size when the least-squares, linear regression relationship between that variable and body mass displays a zero y -intercept.…”

Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, only one other direct child–adult comparison of exercise thermoregulation exists ( 53 ). In that research, children and adults with similar mass-specific V˙O 2peak were assessed during intermittent exercise in hot, dry conditions.…”

Section: Child–adult Comparisons During Exercise-heat Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Thermoregulation in Prepubertal Children: A Brief Methodological Review

Notley

Akerman

Meade

et al. 2020

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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“…Stage 1 of biological maturity was confirmed by the child with the assistance of a parent via a five-point self-assessment of secondary sexual characteristics (Tanner 1962). On average participants scored 3.4 ± 0.4 on The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) (0 being inactive, 5 being very active) (Kowalski et al 2004).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mapping of sweating patterns of pre-pubertal children during intermittent exercise in a warm environment

Arlegui

Smallcombe

Fournet³

et al. 2021

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Purpose To determine sweating responses of pre-pubertal children during intermittent exercise in a warm environment and create whole-body maps of regional sweat rate (RSRs) distribution across the body. Methods Thirteen pre-pubertal children; six girls and seven boys (8.1 ± 0.8 years) took part. Sweat was collected using the technical absorbent method in the last 5 min of a 30-min intermittent exercise protocol performed at 30 ℃, 40% relative humidity and 2 m·s−1 frontal wind. Results Mean gross sweat loss (GSL) was 126 ± 47 g·m−2·h−1 and metabolic heat production was 278 ± 50 W·m2. The lower anterior torso area had the lowest RSR with a median (IQR) sweat rate (SR) of 40 (32) g·m−2·h−1. The highest was the forehead with a median SR of 255 (163) g·m−2·h−1. Normalised sweat maps (the ratio of each region’s SR to the mean SR for all measured pad regions) showed girls displayed lower ratio values at the anterior and posterior torso, and higher ratios at the hands, feet and forehead compared to boys. Absolute SRs were similar at hands and feet, but girls sweated less in most other areas, even after correction for metabolic rate. Conclusion Pre-pubertal children have different RSRs across the body, also showing sex differences in sweat distribution. Distributions differ from adults. Hands and feet RSR remain stable, but SR across other body areas increase with maturation. These data can increase specificity of models of human thermoregulation, improve the measurement accuracy of child-sized thermal manikins, and aid companies during product design and communication.

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Thermoregulation in boys and men exercising at the same heat production per unit body mass

Abstract: Boys and men demonstrated similar thermoregulatory responses to 80 min of exercise in the heat performed at a fixed [Formula: see text] per unit BM. Sweat volume was lower in boys compared to men, despite similarities in absolute [Formula: see text] and E req.

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Energy substrate utilization with and without exogenous carbohydrate intake in boys and men exercising in the heat

Energy substrate utilization with and without exogenous carbohydrate intake in boys and men exercising in the heat

Exercise Thermoregulation in Prepubertal Children: A Brief Methodological Review

Body mapping of sweating patterns of pre-pubertal children during intermittent exercise in a warm environment

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