Thermoregulation and Heat Loss Prevention After Birth and During Neonatal Intensive-Care Unit Stabilization of Extremely Low-Birthweight Infants

Knobel, Robin B.; Holditch‐Davis, Diane

doi:10.1097/anc.0b013e3181ef7de2

Cited by 39 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…In Veneto, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, several issues may have augmented these risks. More specifically, it should be underlined that low-weight newborns are less able to react and adapt to the temperature shock which typically characterizes the hours following delivery, especially when external temperatures are low (see WHO 1997;Costello 2000;Kambarami and Chidede 2003;Darmstadt et al 2006;Knobel and Holditch-Davis 2007). Evidence of general malnourishment suggests that underfed mothers may have given birth to low-weight infants.…”

Section: Causes Of Deathmentioning

confidence: 96%

An Analysis of Extremely High Nineteenth-Century Winter Neonatal Mortality in a Local Context of Northeastern Italy

Dalla‐Zuanna

Rosina

2010

Eur J Population

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Beginning in the mid-17th century, infant mortality in Veneto (a region in northeastern Italy) began to increase, starting at 250‰ and rising to 350‰ during the period of 1750-1850 – one of the highest levels ever recorded in modern Europe. This dramatic change was due to variations in winter neonatal mortality which, during 1750-1850, was 3-4 times higher in Veneto than in other areas with similar winter temperatures (such as England). We combine microdata on neonatal mortality with daily data on temperatures for a specific context during the period of 1816-68, when neonatal mortality was not only particularly high, but declined late and slowly. We find that winter neonatal mortality was extremely high during the first week of life and strongly correlated with external minimum temperature. Through a comparison of these results with other findings in the literature, we suppose that the increase in winter neonatal mortality in Veneto could have principally been caused by the deteriorating physical conditions of mothers, lessening the “quality” of infants who consequently were quite susceptible to cold temperatures

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Section: Causes Of Deathmentioning

confidence: 96%

An Analysis of Extremely High Nineteenth-Century Winter Neonatal Mortality in a Local Context of Northeastern Italy

Dalla‐Zuanna

Rosina

2010

Eur J Population

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“…Extremely low birth weight infants have higher body temperature on admission to the NICU if they are immediately put into polyethylene bags before drying [32,33]. Vohra et al [32] reported that wrapped infants <28 weeks of gestational age had a significantly higher mean rectal admission temperature of 36.5°C (SD 0.8) compared to 35.6°C (SD 1.3) in control infants.…”

Section: Thermal Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At 1 h later, the mean rectal temperatures were similar in both groups (36.6°C, SD 0.7 vs. 36.4°C, SD 0.9). Size at birth was an important determinant of heat loss - mean rectal admission temperature increased by 0.21°C (95% CI 0.04-0.40) with each 100-gram increase in birth weight [33]. It is important to remember that in infants in need of ventilatory support heated humidified inspiratory gas at delivery until the arrival of the neonatal unit improves admission temperature [34].…”

Section: Thermal Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivery Room Management of Term and Preterm Newly Born Infants

Saugstad¹

2015

Neonatology

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Delivery room management, especially in the first ‘golden' minute, is of the utmost importance. An exact and universal definition of when a baby is born is needed to obtain agreement on what is meant by the first minute of life. Education of young girls is a basic requirement to optimize the health of the mother and baby. Interventions in pregnancy should as far as possible be evidence based. Antenatal care, the selection of birth mode and antenatal steroid therapy when indicated also contribute to obtaining the best outcome. Delayed cord clamping is recommended for both preterm and term infants. However, more data are needed regarding the most immature infants. Routine suctioning of the mouth and airways is not required. Thermal control is important - keep the temperature in the delivery room at 26°C and wrap infants <28 weeks of gestation in plastic. However, this procedure does not reduce mortality. Since delayed cord clamping increases mean birth weight by approximately 30 g/kg, the present birth weight charts based on early clamping need to be corrected. Preterm infants in need of ventilatory support should start with CPAP from the first breath. A T-piece device seems to have some advantages compared to self-inflating bags. Surfactant instillation is often not needed prophylactically provided the mother has received antenatal steroids. Less invasive methods for administering surfactant may be useful. If ventilatory support is needed, start with air in term and near-term infants. For babies of 29-33 weeks of gestation start with 21-30% oxygen and for infants <29 weeks start with 30% oxygen and adjust according to the response obtained.

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“…15Á18; for Veneto 1675Á1775: Rosina and Zannini 2004, p. 36;for Veneto 1800Á1900: Del Panta 1997. Data are interpolated with third-or fourth-order polynomials) 234 Renzo Derosas the medical literature they cite on the relationship between low birth weight, cold temperatures, and neonatal mortality refers explicitly to hypothermia (Jeghers 1976;WHO 1997;Costello 2000;Kambarami and Chidede 2003;Knobel and Holditch-Davis 2007). Indeed, once respiratory diseases are excluded, there is little besides hypothermia that could have caused deaths related to exposure to the cold.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

The joint effect of maternal malnutrition and cold weather on neonatal mortality in nineteenth-century Venice: An assessment of the hypothermia hypothesis

Derosas

2009

Population Studies

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Recent studies stress the key role played by neonatal mortality in the demographic regime of north-eastern Italy. In particular, during the period 1700-1830 this area experienced a dramatic upsurge in winter neonatal deaths, pushing overall neonatal and infant mortality rates to the highest in Italy and most of Europe. Scholars have argued that this trend was caused by a general pauperization leading to widespread maternal malnutrition, low birth weight, and an increased frequency of winter neonatal deaths caused by the higher sensitivity of low-birth-weight infants to the cold. The study presented here tested this hypothesis using a large mid-nineteenth-century longitudinal sample of the Venetian population. Two alternative measures of maternal malnutrition were applied: chronic undernourishment and temporary nutritional stress during late gestation. Only the second condition is significantly associated with higher neonatal mortality when outside temperatures were low. This is consistent with mechanisms of neonatal thermoregulation but casts doubt on the pauperization hypothesis suggested by other studies.

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Thermoregulation and Heat Loss Prevention After Birth and During Neonatal Intensive-Care Unit Stabilization of Extremely Low-Birthweight Infants

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

An Analysis of Extremely High Nineteenth-Century Winter Neonatal Mortality in a Local Context of Northeastern Italy

An Analysis of Extremely High Nineteenth-Century Winter Neonatal Mortality in a Local Context of Northeastern Italy

Delivery Room Management of Term and Preterm Newly Born Infants

The joint effect of maternal malnutrition and cold weather on neonatal mortality in nineteenth-century Venice: An assessment of the hypothermia hypothesis

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