Thermoregulated expression of virulence factors in plant-associated bacteria

Smirnova, Angela V.; Li, Hongqiao; Weingart, Helge; Aufhammer, Stephan W.; Burse, Antje; Finis, Katharina; Schenk, Alexander; Ullrich, Matthias S.

doi:10.1007/s002030100344

Cited by 75 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Many bacteria have evolved mechanisms enabling them to modulate gene expression in response to environment cues (26,27). For example, Salmonella species are able to sense the nature of their immediate environment by measuring Ca 2ϩ and Mg 2ϩ availability through the PhoP͞PhoQ signal transduction system (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type III secretion systems and the evolution of mutualistic endosymbiosis

Dale

Plague

Wang

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

161

118

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The view that parasites can develop cooperative symbiotic relationships with their hosts is both appealing and widely held; however, there is no molecular genetic evidence of such a transition. Here we demonstrate that a mutualistic bacterial endosymbiont of grain weevils maintains and expresses inv͞spa genes encoding a type III secretion system homologous to that used for invasion by bacterial pathogens. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that inv͞spa genes were present in presymbiotic ancestors of the weevil endosymbionts, occurring at least 50 million years ago. The function of inv͞spa genes in maintaining symbiosis is demonstrated by the up-regulation of their expression under both in vivo and in vitro conditions that coincide with host cell invasion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type III secretion systems and the evolution of mutualistic endosymbiosis

Dale

Plague

Wang

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

161

118

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“…In plants, the virulence of many bacterial pathogens increases at cooler temperatures [37]. The ultimate cause of this pattern is uncertain, but cooler air may promote formation of liquid films on the surface of host leaves, facilitating bacterial invasion through stomata [37].…”

Section: Context-dependent Symbioses Across Disciplines (A) Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proximate causes of environmentally or ecologically induced pathogenesis by bacteria, though, can be inferred from known mechanisms of bacterial responses to temperature. They include upregulation of heat-or cold-shock protein synthesis [37], reorganization of membrane lipid structure and protein conformation changes [38].…”

Section: Context-dependent Symbioses Across Disciplines (A) Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Context-dependent symbioses and their potential roles in wildlife diseases

Daskin

Alford

2012

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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It is well known in ecology, evolution and medicine that both the nature (commensal, parasitic and mutualistic) and outcome (symbiont fitness, survival) of symbiotic interactions are often contextdependent. Less is known about the importance of context-dependence in symbioses involved in wildlife disease. We review variable symbioses, and use the amphibian disease chytridiomycosis to demonstrate how understanding context-dependence can improve the understanding and management of wildlife diseases. In chytridiomycosis, the host-pathogen interaction is context-dependent; it is strongly affected by environmental temperature. Skin bacteria can also modify the interaction; some bacteria reduce amphibians' susceptibility to chytridiomycosis. Augmentation of protective microbes is being considered as a possible management tool, but informed application of bioaugmentation requires understanding of how the interactions between host, beneficial bacteria and pathogen depend upon environmental context. The community-level response of the amphibian skin microbiota to environmental conditions may explain the relatively narrow range of environmental conditions in which past declines have occurred. Environmental context affects virulence and the protection provided by mutualists in other host-pathogen systems, including threatened bats and corals. Increased focus on context-dependence in interactions between wildlife and their symbionts is likely to be crucial to the future investigation and management of emerging diseases of wildlife.

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“…Coronatine biosynthesis is also affected by temperature (32,451). The toxin is produced at highest levels at 18°C, while at 28°C, the optimal growth temperature for P. syringae, its biosynthesis is undetectable (58).…”

Section: Production Of Phytotoxins By Pseudomonas Syringaementioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of and Response to Signals Involved in Host-Microbe Interactions by Plant-Associated Bacteria

Brencic

Winans

2005

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

337

208

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Diverse interactions between hosts and microbes are initiated by the detection of host-released chemical signals. Detection of these signals leads to altered patterns of gene expression that culminate in specific and adaptive changes in bacterial physiology that are required for these associations. This concept was first demonstrated for the members of the family Rhizobiaceae and was later found to apply to many other plant-associated bacteria as well as to microbes that colonize human and animal hosts. The family Rhizobiaceae includes various genera of rhizobia as well as species of Agrobacterium. Rhizobia are symbionts of legumes, which fix nitrogen within root nodules, while Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a pathogen that causes crown gall tumors on a wide variety of plants. The plant-released signals that are recognized by these bacteria are low-molecular-weight, diffusible molecules and are detected by the bacteria through specific receptor proteins. Similar phenomena are observed with other plant pathogens, including Pseudomonas syringae, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Erwinia spp., although here the signals and signal receptors are not as well defined. In some cases, nutritional conditions such as iron limitation or the lack of nitrogen sources seem to provide a significant cue. While much has been learned about the process of host detection over the past 20 years, our knowledge is far from being complete. The complex nature of the plant-microbe interactions makes it extremely challenging to gain a comprehensive picture of host detection in natural environments, and thus many signals and signal recognition systems remain to be described

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Thermoregulated expression of virulence factors in plant-associated bacteria

Cited by 75 publications

References 32 publications

Type III secretion systems and the evolution of mutualistic endosymbiosis

Type III secretion systems and the evolution of mutualistic endosymbiosis

Context-dependent symbioses and their potential roles in wildlife diseases

Detection of and Response to Signals Involved in Host-Microbe Interactions by Plant-Associated Bacteria

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