Thermoplastic Starch Nanocomposites Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspensions Containing Residual Salt from Neutralization

Metzger, Christoph; Briesen, Heiko

doi:10.1002/mame.202100161

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 77 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In general, glycerol was well used to plasticize starches with a high amylose content, such as corn starch [ 61 , 73 , 74 ]. Nevertheless, some researchers recommended that the plasticizer concentrations >30% by weight completely dissolved the starch granules and thus obtained homogeneous starch films with a smooth surface [ 61 , 73 , 75 ]. Figure 3 c has shown that the texture of CS:CL-CNC 7:3-50% is flexible and transparent, whereas CS:CL-CNC 8:2-20% is brittle and opaque.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Part A: Biodegradable Bio-Composite Film Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals from Chaetomorpha linum into Thermoplastic Starch Matrices

Alsufyani

M’sakni

2023

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, macroalgae and microalgae have played a significant role in the production of organic matter, fiber, and minerals on Earth. They contribute to both technical and medicinal applications as well as being a healthy and nutritious food for humans and animals. The theme of this work concerns the development and exploitation of Chaetomorpha linum (C. linum) biomass, through the elaboration of a new starch-based composite film reinforced by cellulose nanocrystals (CL-CNC) derived from C. linum. The first step involves the chemical extraction of CL-CNC from dry C. linum algae biomass. To achieve this, three types of cyclic treatment were adopted: alkalinization (sodium hydroxide) followed by bleaching (sodium hypochlorite) and acid hydrolysis (hydrochloric acid). We then studied the optimization of the development of bio-composite films based on corn starch (CS) reinforced by CL-CNC. These polymeric films were produced using the solution-casting technique followed by the thermal evaporation process. Structure and interactions were modified by using different amounts of glycerol plasticizers (20% and 50%) and different CS:CNC ratios (7:3 and 8:2). These materials were characterized by UV visible (UV/Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) spectroscopy to understand structure-property relationships. The result revealed that the best matrix composition is 7:3 (CS: CL-CNC) with 50% glycerol, which reflects that the reinforcing effect of CL-CNC was greater in bio-composites prepared with a 50% plasticizer, revealing the formation of hydrogen bonds between CL-CNC and CS.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Part A: Biodegradable Bio-Composite Film Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals from Chaetomorpha linum into Thermoplastic Starch Matrices

Alsufyani

M’sakni

2023

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…CNC is a key player in the development of advanced materials due to their outstanding physical and chemical properties. [37][38][39][40][41] These kinds of particles, with typical dimensions of 4-20 nm in width and 100-500 nm in length [73] are found in a wide range of industrial applications, such as polymer composites or in cosmetic and medical products. [42] Nevertheless, to date, only a few studies have investigated the toxicity of CNC on lung cell function.…”

Section: Effect Of Agnp and Cnc On Ali Culture In 96-well Formatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such systems would be of great help in the field of occupational hazard potential analysis and in the risk assessment of new materials in the micro-and nanoscale regime, such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) for example. [37][38][39][40][41][42] Although CNC are already used on a commercial scale, little is known so far about their potential biological effects after inhalation. This particle type can act as a good example for several new materials with complex morphology, whose effects on inhalation need to be studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterization of a 96‐Well Exposure System for Safety Assessment of Nanomaterials

Kohl

Müller

Fink³

et al. 2023

Small

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, a 96‐well exposure system for safety assessment of nanomaterials is developed and characterized using an air–liquid interface lung epithelial model. This system is designed for sequential nebulization. Distribution studies verify the reproducible distribution over all 96 wells, with lower insert‐to‐insert variability compared to non‐sequential application. With a first set of chemicals (TritonX), drugs (Bortezomib), and nanomaterials (silver nanoparticles and (non‐)fluorescent crystalline nanocellulose), sequential exposure studies are performed with human lung epithelial cells followed by quantification of the deposited mass and of cell viability. The developed exposure system offers for the first time the possibility of exposing an air–liquid interface model in a 96‐well format, resulting in high‐throughput rates, combined with the feature for sequential dosing. This exposure system allows the possibility of creating dose‐response curves resulting in the generation of more reliable cell‐based assay data for many types of applications, such as safety analysis. In addition to chemicals and drugs, nanomaterials with spherical shapes, but also morphologically more complex nanostructures can be exposed sequentially with high efficiency. This allows new perspectives on in vivo‐like and animal‐free approaches for chemical and pharmaceutical safety assessment, in line with the 3R principle of replacing and reducing animal experiments.

show abstract

“…Starch films were reinforced with kaolin, observing improved thermal and barrier properties [ 30 ]. The effect of CNC reinforcement of suspensions containing residual salt on the mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch nanocomposites was evaluated, reporting that by reinforcing starch films with up to 5 wt% of CNCs, stiffness and strength are improved [ 31 ]. On the other hand, the excellent compatibility between CNFs and glycerol from thermoplastic starch matrix allows for better fiber dispersion and the preparation of superior biocomposites in terms of physical, chemical, and mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoplastic Starch Biocomposite Films Reinforced with Nanocellulose from Agave tequilana Weber var. Azul Bagasse

Lomelí-Ramírez,

Reyes-Alfaro,

Martínez-Salcedo

et al. 2023

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), bleached cellulose nanofibers (bCNFs), and unbleached cellulose nanofibers (ubCNFs) isolated by acid hydrolysis from Agave tequilana Weber var. Azul bagasse, an agro-waste from the tequila industry, were used as reinforcements in a thermoplastic starch matrix to obtain environmentally friendly materials that can substitute contaminant polymers. A robust characterization of starting materials and biocomposites was carried out. Biocomposite mechanical, thermal, and antibacterial properties were evaluated, as well as color, crystallinity, morphology, rugosity, lateral texture, electrical conductivity, chemical identity, solubility, and water vapor permeability. Pulp fibers and nanocelluloses were analyzed via SEM, TEM, and AFM. The water vapor permeability (WVP) decreased by up to 20.69% with the presence of CNCs. The solubility decreases with the presence of CNFs and CNCs. The addition of CNCs and CNFs increased the tensile strength and Young’s modulus and decreased the elongation at break. Biocomposites prepared with ubCNF showed the best tensile mechanical properties due to a better adhesion with the matrix. Images of bCNF-based biocomposites demonstrated that bCNFs are good reinforcing agents as the fibers were dispersed within the starch film and embedded within the matrix. Roughness increased with CNF content and decreased with CNC content. Films with CNCs did not show bacterial growth for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This study offers a new theoretical basis since it demonstrates that different proportions of bleached or unbleached nanofibers and nanocrystals can improve the properties of starch films.

show abstract

Thermoplastic Starch Nanocomposites Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspensions Containing Residual Salt from Neutralization

Cited by 7 publications

References 77 publications

Part A: Biodegradable Bio-Composite Film Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals from Chaetomorpha linum into Thermoplastic Starch Matrices

Part A: Biodegradable Bio-Composite Film Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals from Chaetomorpha linum into Thermoplastic Starch Matrices

Development and Characterization of a 96‐Well Exposure System for Safety Assessment of Nanomaterials

Thermoplastic Starch Biocomposite Films Reinforced with Nanocellulose from Agave tequilana Weber var. Azul Bagasse

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About