Thermoplastic polyurethane/POSS nanohybrids: Synthesis, morphology, and biological properties

Abstract

Recent studies show good osteoinductive properties of polyurethanes modified with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). In this work, three types of POSS; propanediolisobutyl‐POSS (PHI‐POSS), disilanolisobutyl‐POSS (DSI‐POSS), and octahydroxybutyl‐POSS (OCTA‐POSS) were chemically incorporated into linear polyurethane based on an aliphatic isocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), to obtain new nanohybrid PU‐POSS materials. The full conversion of POSS was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR‐ATR) spectra of the model reactions with pure HDI. The materials obtained were investigated by FTIR, SEM‐EDS, and DSC. The DSC studies showed the thermoplasticity of the obtained materials and apparently good recovery. 30‐day immersion in SBF (simulated body fluid) revealed an increase in the rate of deposition of hydroxyapatite (HAp) for the highest POSS loadings, resulting in thick layers of hydroxyapatite (~60–40 μm), and the Ca/P ratio 1.67 (even 1.785). The structure and properties of the inorganic layer depend on the type of POSS, the number of hard segments, and those containing POSS, which can be tailored by changing the HDI/poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG) ratio. Furthermore, the obtained composites revealed good biocompatibility, as confirmed by cytotoxicity tests conducted on two cell lines; normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and primary human osteoblasts (HOB). Adherent cells seeded on the tested materials showed viability even after a 48‐h incubation. After this time, the population of viable, and proliferating cells exceeded 90%. Bioimaging studies have shown the fibroblast and osteoblast cells were well attached to the surface of the tested materials.