Thermoplastic Laminated Composites Applied to Impact Resistant Protective Gear: Structural Design and Development

Lin, Yi Chun; Lin, Mei‐Chen; Lou, Ching‐Wen; Chen, Yueh-Sheng; Lin, Jia‐Horng

doi:10.3390/polym15020292

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Analogous to Paltauf's publication, [ 47 ] the laser irradiation in our work is along the short axis (hitting the needle from the side) of symmetry of the needle shape because laminar flow conditions in the liquid jet reactor result in a vertical orientation of the asymmetric particles. [ 55 ] As asymmetric particles like needle‐shaped prednisolone consequently undergo longer tensile stress phases with lower tensile stress amplitudes not arriving simultaneously at the center of the particle, only partial breakage and crack formation could be observed. The comparatively symmetrical particles in Figure 2 (except C+D), on the other hand, would be exposed to shorter tensile stress phases with higher amplitudes, concentrated at the center of the sphere, which would result in full fragmentation and formation of smaller particles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Synthesis of Submicrometer‐Sized Active Pharmaceuticals by Laser Fragmentation in a Liquid‐Jet Passage Reactor with Minimum Degradation

Friedenauer,

Buck,

Eberwein

et al. 2023

Part & Part Syst Charact

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One challenge in the development of new drug formulations is overcoming their low solubility in relevant aqueous media. Reducing the particle size of drug powders to a few hundred nanometers is a well‐known method that leads to an increase in solubility due to an elevated total surface area. However, state‐of‐the‐art comminution techniques like cryo‐milling suffer from degradation and contamination of the drugs, particularly when sub‐micrometer diameters are aspired that require long processing times. In this work, picosecond‐pulsed laser fragmentation in liquids (LFL) of dispersed drug particles in a liquid‐jet passage reactor is used as a wear‐free comminution technique using the hydrophobic oral model drugs naproxen, prednisolone, ketoconazole, and megestrol acetate. Particle size and morphology of the drug particles are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and changes in particle size distributions upon irradiation are quantified using an analytical centrifuge. The findings highlight the superior fragmentation efficiency of the liquid‐jet passage reactor setup, with a 100 times higher fraction of submicrometer particles (SMP) of the drugs compared to the batch control, which enhances solubility and goes along with minimal chemical degradation (<1%), determined by attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Moreover, the underlying predominantly photo‐mechanically induced laser fragmentation mechanisms of organic microparticles (MP) are discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Synthesis of Submicrometer‐Sized Active Pharmaceuticals by Laser Fragmentation in a Liquid‐Jet Passage Reactor with Minimum Degradation

Friedenauer,

Buck,

Eberwein

et al. 2023

Part & Part Syst Charact

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“…Carbon fabric/resin laminated composites (CFRC) are widely used in the braking/transmission devices of vehicles and airborne equipment on account of their advantages of convenient forming, excellent thermal stability, and stable tribological properties. [1][2][3][4] Interlaminar bonding and wear resistance are crucial manifestations on the comprehensive properties of the CFRC. However, the interlayers are only bonded by resin without fiber reinforcement resulting in infirm interlaminar shear strength, and closed pores are generated during the resin impregnation and hot-pressing curing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving mechanical and tribological properties of carbon fabric/resin laminated composites by carbon fiber powder

Yan,

Fei,

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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Carbon fabric/resin laminated composites (CFRC) are extensively used in aerospace, transportation, and other fields owing to their superiorities of lightweight, high strength, and convenient integral molding. Therefore, strong interlaminar binding and prominent wear resistance are urgent requirements for avoiding premature failure of laminated materials in harsh working environments. To elevate the superficial wear resistance and interlaminar bonding strength of composites simultaneously, the modified composites were obtained by introducing carbon fiber powder (CFP) with different densities on the surface of the composites and between layers. The experimental results indicate that CFP can be evenly distributed in the interlaminar resin enrichment zone of the sample (CFRC‐40) when the deposition density is 40 g/m2. Consequently, CFRC‐40 presents optimal thermal conductivity owing to better heat transfer bridges between layers of the composite established by CFP. At the same time, the mechanical properties such as the tensile, impact, and interlaminar shear strengths of CFRC‐40 are improved by 42.8%, 10.2%, and 8.5%, respectively, compared with the original CFRC, which are attributed to the absorption of crack propagation energy and the inhibition of crack propagation by CFP. Furthermore, the dynamic friction coefficient maintains at a high level after introducing CFP with a density of 40 g/m2, while the wear rate significantly decreases by 61.2% from 12.99 × 10−14 m3(N m)−1 to 5.04 × 10−14 m3(N m)−1. This study proposes an innovative strategy to improve the interlaminar bonding of carbon fabric/resin laminated composite, which is conducive to obtaining composite with excellent mechanical and tribological properties.Highlights A facile and effectual method was adopted to introduce carbon fiber powder (CFP) into the interlamination and surface of the composites simultaneously. The mechanical properties and abrasive resistance of the composites were obviously strengthened by regulating the content and distribution of CFP. CFP at a certain scale, could not only hinder the propagation of cracks but also alleviate the surface wear and extend the service life of composites.

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“…Composite materials have been extensively used in many advanced industrial applications such as spacecraft, automobiles, defense, building structures, sports, and electronics due to their lightness [1], corrosion [2], thermal resistance [3], high strength [4,5], and good fatigue life [6]. Composite materials comprise three main divisions in applications: particle-reinforced [7], fiber-reinforced [8], and structural laminates [9]. With this classification, composite materials of various properties have been developed for utilization in different fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Micro-Drilling of Laminated Aluminum Composite Panel (Al–PE) Using Taguchi Orthogonal Array Design

et al. 2023

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Aluminum Matrix Composite (AMC) represents an innovative class of materials that is extensively utilized in industries such as automotive, defense, aerospace, structural engineering, sports, and electronics. This study investigates the thrust force, exit burr formation, changes in the micro-tool, and drilled hole diameters during the micro-drilling of an aluminum-polyethylene composite panel (Al–PE). The panel consists of 3501 series aluminum skin materials bonded to a polyethylene (PE) core. Micro-drilling test parameters were designed using Taguchi’s L16 (42 23) orthogonal array. Tests were conducted with five control parameters: cutting speed with four levels (10 m/min, 20 m/min, 30 m/min, 40 m/min), feed rate with four levels (0.5 µm/rev, 1 µm/rev, 2 µm/rev, 4 µm/rev), the tool diameter with two levels (0.7 mm, 1 mm), and tool point angle with two levels (100°, 140°) using both AlTiN-coated and uncoated drills. The maximum thrust force (Fz), maximum burr height, and changes in both the drill tool and hole diameters were measured for analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that, in terms of impact on Fz, tool point angle had the highest positive influence (64.54%) on the micro-drill at the entrance of composite (upper aluminum plate). The cutting speed had the highest positive influence (45.32%) on the tool in the core layer (PE core layer). The tool point angle also had the highest positive influence (68.95%) on the micro-drill at the lower layer of the composite (the lower aluminum plate). There was noticeable chip adhesion on the major cutting edge and nose area under micro-drilling conditions with higher thrust forces and burr height. The AlTiN coating had a positive effect on tool wear and hole diameter deviations, but it adversely affected the burr height.

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Thermoplastic Laminated Composites Applied to Impact Resistant Protective Gear: Structural Design and Development

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Efficient Synthesis of Submicrometer‐Sized Active Pharmaceuticals by Laser Fragmentation in a Liquid‐Jet Passage Reactor with Minimum Degradation

Efficient Synthesis of Submicrometer‐Sized Active Pharmaceuticals by Laser Fragmentation in a Liquid‐Jet Passage Reactor with Minimum Degradation

Improving mechanical and tribological properties of carbon fabric/resin laminated composites by carbon fiber powder

Optimization of Micro-Drilling of Laminated Aluminum Composite Panel (Al–PE) Using Taguchi Orthogonal Array Design

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