Thermophysical properties of Helium-4 from 0.8 to 1500 K with pressures to 2000 MPa

Arp, V.; McCarty, R.D.

doi:10.6028/nist.tn.1334

Cited by 99 publications

(92 citation statements)

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“…When the magnet is powered (at 4.2 to 4.6 K) the mass flow of helium through the system depends on the heat of vaporization and the heat load into the magnet. The mass flows are highest at 4.6 K. At 4.6 K, the heat of vaporization h fg is 17.93 kJ per kg and the density Γ is 116.3 kg m -3 [6]. At 4.6 K the three coolers put out up to 5.13 W of cooling.…”

Section: The Principle Behind a Thermal Siphon Cooling Loopmentioning

confidence: 98%

Design limitations on a thermal siphon 4 K helium loop for cooling-down the cyclotron gas stopper magnet coils

Green¹,

Chouhan²,

Zeller³

2014

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. The two Cyclotron gas stopper superconducting solenoid coils will be kept cold at 4.25 to 4.6 K using three pulse tube coolers per coil. These coolers are designed to produce from 1.35 to 1.6 W per cooler when the cooler first stage is at about 45 K. The cyclotron gas stopper coils are designed so that they can be separated while cold, but unpowered. This design decision means that the coils can be kept cold while maintenance is performed on the cyclotron. MSU decided that the cyclotron gas stopper would be cooled down from 300 K to 4 K using the coolers connected to the coils using a thermal-siphon cooling loop. This decision was in part influenced by the decision to have the solenoid axis perpendicular to the direction of the gravitational acceleration. The heat exchangers connected to the cooler cold heads must be above the top of the magnet coil. Cold gas from the cooler heat exchanger must enter the bottom of the magnet cryostat. The report describes the effect of the direction of gravitational acceleration with respect to the solenoid axis and other effects that will limit the cooling and cool-down of a magnet like the MSU cyclotron gas stopper magnet.

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Section: The Principle Behind a Thermal Siphon Cooling Loopmentioning

confidence: 98%

Design limitations on a thermal siphon 4 K helium loop for cooling-down the cyclotron gas stopper magnet coils

Green¹,

Chouhan²,

Zeller³

2014

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…The saturation temperature and pressure of two-phase helium was measured in 1908. The best data comes from NIST [30]. The saturation temperature as a function of saturation pressure is plotted in Figure 11.…”

Section: Temperature Calibration Of the 42 K Diode Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liquid helium has a specific heat [30] at constant pressure C P = ~5170 J kg -1 K -1 and a specific heat at constant volume C V = ~2560 J kg -1 K -1 . The solid material in the tank and the things attached to the tank has a mass of about 30 kg.…”

Section: C) the Cooler-lead Test Time Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Results from the Cooler and Lead Tests

Green¹

2010

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The report presents the results of testing MICE spectrometer magnet current leads on a test apparatus that combines both the copper leads and the high temperature superconducting (HTS) leads with a single Cryomech PT415 cooler and liquid helium tank. The current is carried through the copper leads from 300 K to the top of the HTS leads. The current is then carried through the HTS leads to a feed-through from the vacuum space to the inside of a liquid helium tank. The experiment allows one to measure the performance of both cooler stages along with the performance of the leads. While the leads were powered we measured the voltage drops through the copper leads, through the HTS leads, through spliced to the feed-through, through the feed-through and through the low-temperature superconducting loop that connects one lead to the other.Measurements were made using the leads that were used in spectrometer magnet 1A and spectrometer magnet 2A. These are the same leads that were used for Superbend and Venus magnets at LBNL. The IL/A for these leads was 5.2x10 6 A m -1 . The leads turned out to be too long. The same measurements were made using the leads that were installed in magnet 2B. The magnet 2B leads had an IL/A of 3.3x10 6 A m -1 . This report discusses the cooler performance and the measured electrical performance of the lead circuit that contains the copper leads and the superconducting leads. All of the HTS leads that were installed in magnet 2B were current tested using this apparatus.

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“…Max. press (MPa) Nitrogen Span et al (2000) 63.2-2000 2200 Oxygen Schmidt and Wagner (1985) 54.4-1000 82 Argon Tegeler et al (1999) 83.8-700 1000 Helium Arp et al (1998) 0.8-1500 2000 Neon Katti et al (1986) 24.6-700 700 3. Axial intake at every level is used, and inlet guide vanes (IGVs) can be adjusted according to needs.…”

Section: Air Compressor Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research and development of large-scale cryogenic air separation in China

Zhang

Chen

Yao³

et al. 2014

J. Zheijang Univ.-Sci.

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Abstract:With the rapid growth in demand for industrial gas in steel and chemical industries, there has been significant emphasis placed on the development of China's large-scale air separation technology. Currently, the maximum capacity of a single unit has been able to attain 120 000 Nm 3 /h (oxygen), and the specific power consumption of 0.38 kWh/m 3 . This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art for large-scale cryogenic air separation systems being deployed in China. A brief introduction to the history and establishment of the large-scale cryogenic air separation industry is presented. Taking the present mainstream large-scale air separation unit operating at 60 000 Nm 3 /h (oxygen) as an example, the technological parameters and features of the involved key equipment, including a molecular sieve adsorber, air compressor unit, plate-fin heat exchanger, turbo-expander and distillation column are described in detail. The developing 80 000-120 000 Nm 3 /h air separation processes and equipment are also introduced. A summary of the existing problems and future developments of these systems in China are discussed.

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Thermophysical properties of Helium-4 from 0.8 to 1500 K with pressures to 2000 MPa

Cited by 99 publications

References 0 publications

Design limitations on a thermal siphon 4 K helium loop for cooling-down the cyclotron gas stopper magnet coils

Design limitations on a thermal siphon 4 K helium loop for cooling-down the cyclotron gas stopper magnet coils

Results from the Cooler and Lead Tests

Research and development of large-scale cryogenic air separation in China

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