Thermoosmosis through charged membranes

Tasaka, Masayasu; Abe, Shusaku; Sugiura, Shinji; Nagasawa, Mitsuru

doi:10.1016/0301-4622(77)85008-4

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A dependence on

was documented early [ 26 , 27 , 30 , 31 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 37 , 43 , 45 , 46 , 49 , 52 ]. Figure 2 and Figure 3 give a summary of results obtained with calomel electrodes and KCl as electrolyte with cation- and anion-exchange membranes, respectively.…”

Section: Review Of Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A deviation from the theoretical ideal value was observed, however, only for increasing electrolyte concentrations for some membrane systems. The deviation was attributed to less selective membranes [ 30 , 33 , 37 ]. This could be an explanation.…”

Section: Review Of Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-isothermal transport phenomena in charged membranes have been reported occasionally in the literature since then [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. In the 1970s and 1980s, Tasaka and co-workers were central [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ], while new researchers joined in the 1990s [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]. Different aspects were studied, such as the influence of the membrane type [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 51 , 52 ], the concentration and nature of the electrolyte solutions in contact with the membrane [ 39 , 42 ], and the membrane-transported entropy of ions [ 42 , 45 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perspectives on Thermoelectric Energy Conversion in Ion-Exchange Membranes

Barragán

Kristiansen

Kjelstrup

2018

Entropy

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By thermoelectric power generation we mean the creation of electrical power directly from a temperature gradient. Semiconductors have been mainly used for this purpose, but these imply the use of rare and expensive materials. We show in this review that ion-exchange membranes may be interesting alternatives for thermoelectric energy conversion, giving Seebeck coefficients around 1 mV/K. Laboratory cells with Ag|AgCl electrodes can be used to find the transported entropies of the ions in the membrane without making assumptions. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics can be used to compute the Seebeck coefficient of this and other cells, in particular the popular cell with calomel electrodes. We review experimental results in the literature on cells with ion-exchange membranes, document the relatively large Seebeck coefficient, and explain with the help of theory its variation with electrode materials and electrolyte concentration and composition. The impact of the membrane heterogeneity and water content on the transported entropies is documented, and it is concluded that this and other properties should be further investigated, to better understand how all transport properties can serve the purpose of thermoelectric energy conversion.

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“…A dependence on

Section: Review Of Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Perspectives on Thermoelectric Energy Conversion in Ion-Exchange Membranes

Barragán

Kristiansen

Kjelstrup

2018

Entropy

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“…These results indicate that temperature-driven water flow is a membrane-driven phenomenon, which agrees with studies reported on liquid water transport under the effect of temperature difference across other types of membranes. [18][19][20] This work is currently underway and will be discussed in a future publication. Also, based on these latter experiments, results from surface-tension calculations have indicated that surface tension changes due to temperature difference can generate a significant pressure difference across the membrane, which, based on estimated values of liquid water permeability, 16 can cause transport of water at rates comparable to what was experimentally measured in this work.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-Driven Water Transport Through Membrane Electrode Assembly of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Zaffou

Kunz

et al. 2006

Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.

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A quantitative investigation has been carried out to examine the effect of through-plane temperature difference on water transport across the membrane electrode assembly ͑MEA͒ of a proton exchange membrane ͑PEM͒ fuel cell. The presence of a temperature difference across the cell was found to cause a significant amount of water to transport through the MEA in the direction towards the colder side; the water transport rate increased with temperature and temperature gradient. This study reveals the importance of thermo-osmosis in PEM fuel cells ͑PEMFCs͒ and the need to consider the through-plane temperature profile in water management design and operation in PEMFCs.

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“…In addition to the abovementioned transport modes, water transport in the through-plane direction induced by a presence of a thermal gradient across the PEM is known to exist for some time but attention to the phenomenon has been mostly nonexistent in the literature until recently. With an advent of interest in polymeric membrane fuel cells, several investigators have eyed this phenomenon in recent years with renewed interest, however, arriving at varying conclusions on the mechanism of the transport (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of Thermally-Induced Water Transport in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells with Neutron Radiography Imaging Technique

Fu¹,

Preston²,

Pasaogullari³

et al. 2009

ECS Trans.

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A fundamental experimental study of the reported water transport across the PEM under a temperature gradient is sought. We wish to experimentally verify the water transport phenomenon observed with neutron radiography and numerical modeling. The experimental observations show a presence of water content gradient across the PEM, indicating water flux in the direction from the high temperature side to the low temperature side, when sufficiently humidified. Higher water content by the PEM is seen at a larger thermal gradient when sufficiently humidified. The numerical results predict the order of magnitude of water transport; however, more accurate material characterization is needed for improvement.

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Thermoosmosis through charged membranes

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Perspectives on Thermoelectric Energy Conversion in Ion-Exchange Membranes

Perspectives on Thermoelectric Energy Conversion in Ion-Exchange Membranes

Temperature-Driven Water Transport Through Membrane Electrode Assembly of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

An Investigation of Thermally-Induced Water Transport in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells with Neutron Radiography Imaging Technique

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