Thermolysis of Medical Waste (Waste Syringe) to Liquid Fuel Using Semi Batch Reactor

Dash, Abhishek; Singh, Ranjan K.

doi:10.1007/s12649-015-9382-3

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The main compositions of medical plastic wastes used in this experiment were polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) rubber and nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), etc. 37 , 38 . All the polymeric materials are composed based on carbon and hydrogen skeleton.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This includes syringes, surgical gloves and infusion bags and sets that have been used as feed materials throughout the experiment. The composition of the medical supplies was identified from the specification of the manufacturers available in the literatures 33 , 37 , 38 . The different parts of the syringe, i.e., body, plunger and elastomeric piston seal are made of medical grade polyethylene [(C 2 H 4 ) n ], polypropylene [(C 3 H 6 ) n ] and polydimethylsiloxane [((CH 3 ) 2 SiO) n ; silicone rubber], respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The char products, after each reaction step, were also collected by scooping out from the reactor and weighed. As described by a number of researchers 37 , 39 , the mass of the non-condensable fraction (M g ) was determined from the material balance equation as follows: where M f = Mass of feedstock considered for the thermal cracking, M c = Mass of char product obtained from different temperature settings, M o = Mass of liquid oil obtained from different temperature settings.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid fuel oil produced from plastic based medical wastes by thermal cracking

Rasul¹,

Som²,

Hossain

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The present work is an effort to produce liquid fuel oil from plastic based medical wastes through thermal cracking process under oxidizing conditions. The mixed plastics from medical wastes were considered as a feedstock, shredded into small pieces and heated at 773 ± 10 K for 40 min with a heating rate of 20 K/min in a batch reactor for thermal cracking process. The feedstock was characterized by proximate and ultimate analysis along with thermogravimetric investigation. Moreover, chemical compositions of the liquid fuel oil were examined by FTIR and GC–MS spectroscopy. The properties of liquid product were also examined and compared to the commercial fuel oil. The average yield of brownish and sticky liquid fuel was obtained to be 52 wt% and the gross calorific value of the liquid was found 41.32 MJ/kg which is comparable to that of commercial diesel. FTIR spectrum showed characteristic absorption bands of C–H and =CH2 groups indicating presence of alkane and alkene compounds. GC–MS study demonstrated the chemical constituents of the liquid product that is mostly aliphatic compounds of mainly alkanes (16.28%), alkenes (10.67%), alcohols (14.65%) and ester groups (10.38%) including iso-phthalate (40.02%) as a predominant product. This experiment concludes that the liquid oil derived from thermal cracking of mixed plastics comprised of a composite mixture of organic components. A significant amount of non-degraded constituents like plasticizers, precursors, etc. remained in the product having some economic values with human health and environmental impacts during burning has been addressed in the current issue.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid fuel oil produced from plastic based medical wastes by thermal cracking

Rasul¹,

Som²,

Hossain

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…However, it is not well managed during this critical situation focusing on fighting the pandemic. For instance, Dash et al [ 100 ] reported that pyrolytic oil with a gross calorific value of 42.24 MJ/kg could be recovered from the waste syringe. Som et al [ 82 ] suggested an average of pyrolytic oil with a gross calorific value of 41.3 MJ/kg can be recovered from plastic medical waste; however, the logistic and the waste treatment should also be accounted for.…”

Section: Energy Needs Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 pandemics Stage II – Energy and environmental impacts of vaccination

Klemeš

Jiang

Fan

et al. 2021

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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The COVID-19 pandemic developed the severest public health event in recent history. The first stage for defence has already been documented. This paper moves forward to contribute to the second stage for offensive by assessing the energy and environmental impacts related to vaccination. The vaccination campaign is a multidisciplinary topic incorporating policies, population behaviour, planning, manufacturing, materials supporting, cold-chain logistics and waste treatment. The vaccination for pandemic control in the current phase is prioritised over other decisions, including energy and environmental issues. This study documents that vaccination should be implemented in maximum sustainable ways. The energy and related emissions of a single vaccination are not massive; however, the vast numbers related to the worldwide production, logistics, disinfection, implementation and waste treatment are reaching significant figures. The preliminary assessment indicates that the energy is at the scale of ~1.08 × 10 10 kWh and related emissions of ~5.13 × 10 12 gCO 2eq when embedding for the envisaged 1.56 × 10 10 vaccine doses. The cold supply chain is estimated to constitute 69.8% of energy consumption of the vaccination life cycle, with an interval of 26–99% depending on haul distance. A sustainable supply chain model that responds to an emergency arrangement, considering equality as well, should be emphasised to mitigate vaccination's environmental footprint. This effort plays a critical role in preparing for future pandemics, both environmentally and socially. Research in exploring sustainable single-use or reusable materials is also suggested to be a part of the plans. Diversified options could offer higher flexibility in mitigating environmental footprint even during the emergency and minimise the potential impact of material disruption or dependency.

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“…It is estimated that our country generates around three million tons of medical waste every year and the amount is expected to grow at 8% annually. 3 Biomedical waste may contain infectious, toxic chemicals causing risk of contamination to both people and the environment. Hospitals should be responsible for the waste they generate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Cost of Biomedical Waste Management in Rural India

D'souza¹,

Ms²,

Johnson³

2016

International Journal of Research Foundation of Hospital and Healthcare Administration

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Introduction The quantum of waste generated from medical care and activities is a global matter of concern. Improper management of biomedical waste (BMW) has a grave health impact on the community, health care professionals, and the environment.1 It is mandatory by law that every medical organization that generates waste should have a system, process, and resources in place for segregating BMW within the organization for proper disposal. The present article deals with the understanding of various costs associated in BMW management process that will help the health care organization to prioritize their spending and focus on areas that require spending to achieve compliance in process of BMW management. Materials and methods Descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, to study the compliance of BMW management at three different hospitals with respect to Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011. A retrospective study was conducted to analyze cost data for a 1-year time period. Cost involved in BMW management was analyzed and classified as capital and recurring costs. The study was undertaken in Udupi taluk, and the taluk comprises 11 hospitals (1 Government and 10 private hospitals). The hospitals were selected using convenient sampling as taking permission to conduct the study was difficult. Only three hospitals were permitted to carry out the study. Results and discussion Compliance was found to be better in accredited hospital than in nonaccredited hospital. This could be attributed to strict adherence to standard operating procedures and regular training of staff. Cost involved in BMW management was analyzed as capital and recurring costs. Since most of the hospital outsource final disposal, capital costs are significantly less compared to recurring costs. Among the recurring costs, maximum expenditure is on consumables like color-coded bags. Cost per bed per day for handling BMW was calculated and it was found to be higher in smaller hospitals. How to cite this article Bryal D'souza, Arun MS, Johnson B. Comparative Analysis of Cost of Biomedical Waste Management in Rural India. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2016;4(1):11-15.

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Thermolysis of Medical Waste (Waste Syringe) to Liquid Fuel Using Semi Batch Reactor

Cited by 26 publications

References 12 publications

Liquid fuel oil produced from plastic based medical wastes by thermal cracking

Liquid fuel oil produced from plastic based medical wastes by thermal cracking

COVID-19 pandemics Stage II – Energy and environmental impacts of vaccination

Comparative Analysis of Cost of Biomedical Waste Management in Rural India

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