Thermoluminescence dating of Loess-paleosol sequences in the carpathian basin (East-Central Europe): A suggestion for a revised chronology

Črvenka loess-paleosol sequence revisited: local and regional Quaternary biogeographical inferences of the southern Carpathian Basin

“…According to thechronostratigraphic model in Marković et al [9], loess unit V-L2 accumulated during the penultimate glacial marine isotope stage (MIS) 6 and the paleosol unit V-S1 correlates with the Last Interglacial MIS 5; however, chronological data and previous loess stratigraphic analysis [33,34] indicate that the uppermost part of V-S1 is likely younger than MIS 5 and partly developed during MIS 4 [33,34]. Yet, it must be noted that the radiometric ages older than 50-60 kyr are underestimated for the črvenka profile described in Stevens et al [27].…”

“…The most important change in this zone is a drastic decrease in the proportions of Vallonia costata accompanied by a considerable increase of the dry open vegetation habitat preferring Pupilla triplicata (58-93%). Today this species lives in carbonaterich open vegetation environments in the mountain and hilly regions in Central Europe [34,66,67,84]. The general composition of the fauna and the presence of species such as Granaria frumentum, Vertigo pygmaea and Helicopsis striata indicate lower grassland cover for larger parts of the surface compared to the previous zone.…”

“…Vallonia costata (Holarctic spreading, forest steppe preferring) and Pupilla triplicata (preferring carbonated underlay and steppe environment) dominated in this zone. This association can be found on the southern exposure natural steppe and forest-steppe areas in the middle mountain range zone of the Carpathian Basin [34,66,67,[77][78][79][80][81].…”

“…The ratio of thermophilous species [34,66,67,[82][83][84] decreased intensively (Fig. 5, 6, 7, and 8), however a few specimens of Cochlicopa lubricella, Granaria frumentum, Pupilla triplicata, Chondrula tridens and Helicopsis striata were present in this zone of the profile.…”

Danube loess stratigraphy — Towards a pan-European loess stratigraphic model

“…Thermoluminescence (TL) dating by Singhvi et al (1989) suggested that the fossil chernozems F2 and F3 were formed no earlier than during MIS 5a and 5e (Tables 1). Pedostratigraphic interpretations have been improved considerably by the application to these sequences of recent advances in magneto-and amino-stratigraphy, as well as luminescence dating techniques (Schmidt et al, 2010;Murray et al, 2014).…”