Thermoluminescence dating of fault‐scarp‐derived colluvium: Deciphering the timing of paleoearthquakes on the Weber Segment of the Wasatch Fault Zone, north central Utah

Forman, Steven L.; Nelson, Alan R.; McCalpin, James P.

doi:10.1029/90jb02081

Cited by 52 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…If the true age of U7d is to be derived, complete exposure to sunlight during colluvial transportation is a prerequisite. With respect to this prerequisite, distal facies of scarp‐derived colluvium are considered best [ Forman et al , 1991, 2000]. In our case, because the initial length of T1 allowed for collection of samples only at relatively short distances from the paleofault scarp of E2, whether the condition of complete solar resetting is satisfied was not known a priori.…”

Section: Dating Events Of Fault Slipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleoseismological investigation of the oblique‐normal Ekkara ground rupture zone accompanying theM6.7–7.0 earthquake on 30 April 1954 in Thessaly, Greece: Archaeological and geochronological constraints on ground rupture recurrence

Palyvos

Pavlopoulos

Froussou³

et al. 2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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Observations in trenches excavated across the Ekkara rupture zone (ERZ), the longest of the sporadic ground ruptures that accompanied the M 6.7–7.0 earthquake of 30 April 1954 on the Domokos fault zone (DFZ), identify a left‐lateral oblique‐normal fault with a slip vector aligned with the regional extension direction (verifying the tectonic origin of the ERZ). The paleoseismological interpretation of stratigraphic, soil‐stratigraphic, and tectonic features is discussed with emphasis on the issues related to strongly oblique fault kinematics. Two pre‐1954 events of ground rupture are recognized (E1 and E2) and an event of ground cracking only (E1a, shortly after E1). Event E2 was accompanied by larger displacement than E1 and 1954, but this does not necessarily imply a stronger earthquake. Archaeological dating of transported ceramic sherds constrains E1 between 6750 and 4450 B.P. (more likely, 6450–5750 B.P.). Luminescence dating of colluvial deposits and 14C dating of pedogenic carbonates (stone coatings) place E2 at ∼17,500 +− ∼2500 B.P. (preferred age). In the (hazard‐wise) most conservative interpretation, recent recurrence intervals of ERZ activations exceed 3195 years. The sporadic nature of the 1954 ruptures precludes certainty on whether the ERZ has recorded every past activation of the DFZ unless data are also collected from other DFZ rupture zones. Minimum‐limiting estimates of 0.3–0.5 mm/yr slip rate are derived for the ERZ, and the true slip rate is not expected to exceed 1 mm/yr. Slip rate estimates for the ERZ may be minima for the DFZ slip rate, however, because coseismic deformation in the past may have been distributed to more than one rupture zones at the surface.

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Section: Dating Events Of Fault Slipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleoseismological investigation of the oblique‐normal Ekkara ground rupture zone accompanying theM6.7–7.0 earthquake on 30 April 1954 in Thessaly, Greece: Archaeological and geochronological constraints on ground rupture recurrence

Palyvos

Pavlopoulos

Froussou³

et al. 2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…At Mercur, individual wedges range from 0.5 to 1.5 m thick [ Olig et al , 2001], and along the Wasatch fault zone individual wedges are up to ∼4 m thick [ Schwartz and Coppersmith , 1984; Lund et al , 1991; McCalpin et al , 1994]. Paleoseismic trench results indicate that multiple colluvial wedges are often deposited sequentially without intervening debris flow material to form packages of colluvial material several meters thick [ Forman et al , 1991; Machette et al , 1992b; Olig et al , 2001]. Therefore, in the context of seismic tomography, a colluvial “package” refers to a single low‐velocity zone (LVZ), composed of one or more colluvial wedges and bracketed by alluvium.…”

Section: Seismic Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tomographic imaging of late Quaternary faulting, Oquirrh Mountains, Utah

Mattson

2004

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Seismic tomography can be used to image colluvial material in the subsurface by inverting first arrival travel times for velocity. Colluvial material deposited at the base of a fault-scarp free face often appears as a low-velocity zone (LVZ) on a tomogram because it is generally less compacted and cemented than the surrounding alluvium. A tomogram generated from a forward model of a synthetic velocity structure successfully images two LVZs stacked in the hanging wall of a normal fault. The Mercur fan, Oquirrh Mountains, Utah, provides an opportunity to look for stacked LVZs in a distributed fault zone. Three tomographic images across fault scarps on an intermediate age alluvial fan can be used to identify two stacked low-velocity zones. Interpretation of a fourth tomogram is less conclusive. These two low-velocity zones are interpreted as colluvial packages separated by higher-velocity alluvial material and suggest that tectonic activity is interspersed with pulses of fan building.

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“…Forman et al, 1991;Deng et al, 1996). However, luminescence dating of scarp-derived colluvial deposits is difficult and can be problematic because these materials might be insufficiently bleached prior to deposition, due to short transportation distances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Quaternary faulting on the Manas and Hutubi reverse faults in the northern foreland basin of Tian Shan, China

Gong

2015

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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The Tian Shan Range lies in the actively deforming part of the India-Asia collision zone. In the northern foreland basin of Tian Shan, the strata were intensively deformed by Cenozoic folding and faulting. Slip rate studies along these faults are important for understanding the dynamics of crustal deformation and evaluating the seismic hazards in the region. Two reverse faults (the Manas and Hutubi faults) in the northern foreland basin were investigated. Due to past faulting events along these faults, the terrace treads along the Manas River were ruptured, forming fault scarps several meters in height. Loess deposits were trapped and preserved at the surface ruptures along these scarps. The thickness of the trapped loess is dependent on the size of the ruptures. The minimum and maximum ages of these scarps are constrained by dating the loess preserved at the surface ruptures and the terrace treads, respectively, using the quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating technique. Our dating results suggest that the loess trapped at the ruptures was deposited from the early to mid-Holocene at the Hutubi Fault, and from the mid-to late-Holocene at the Manas Fault. The vertical displacements of the faults were evaluated by measuring the topographic profiles across the investigated fault scarps using the differential global position system (DGPS). Our results suggest that, during the late Quaternary in the studied region, the vertical slip rates of the Manas Fault were between ∼0.74 mm/yr and ∼1.6 mm/yr, while the Hutubi Fault had a much lower vertical slip rate between ∼0.34 mm/yr and ∼0.40 mm/yr.The tectonic implications of our results are discussed.

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Thermoluminescence dating of fault‐scarp‐derived colluvium: Deciphering the timing of paleoearthquakes on the Weber Segment of the Wasatch Fault Zone, north central Utah

Cited by 52 publications

References 23 publications

Paleoseismological investigation of the oblique‐normal Ekkara ground rupture zone accompanying theM6.7–7.0 earthquake on 30 April 1954 in Thessaly, Greece: Archaeological and geochronological constraints on ground rupture recurrence

Paleoseismological investigation of the oblique‐normal Ekkara ground rupture zone accompanying theM6.7–7.0 earthquake on 30 April 1954 in Thessaly, Greece: Archaeological and geochronological constraints on ground rupture recurrence

Tomographic imaging of late Quaternary faulting, Oquirrh Mountains, Utah

Late Quaternary faulting on the Manas and Hutubi reverse faults in the northern foreland basin of Tian Shan, China

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