Thermoinduction of genes encoding the enzymes of gibberellin biosynthesis and a putative negative regulator of gibberellin signal transduction in Eustoma grandiflorum

Mino, Masaki; Oka, Mariko; Tasaka, Yasushi; Iwabuchi, Masaki

doi:10.1007/s00299-003-0672-z

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Thus, these gene expression changes are most likely caused by feedback regulation of low GA levels and not by vernalization through PEP1. Low GA levels were also described to positively feedback on expression levels of genes encoding GA biosynthetic enzymes in Arabidopsis (Chiang et al, 1995;Phillips et al, 1995;Mitchum et al, 2006;Achard et al, 2008;Rieu et al, 2008), and increased expression of those genes was observed during vernalization in E. grandiflorum and T. arvense (Hazebroek and Metzger, 1990;Hazebroek et al, 1993;Mino et al, 2003).…”

Section: Regulation Of Ga Metabolism and Signaling By Pep1 And Relatementioning

confidence: 99%

Gibberellins Act Downstream of Arabis PERPETUAL FLOWERING1 to Accelerate Floral Induction during Vernalization

et al. 2019

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Regulation of flowering by endogenous and environmental signals ensures that reproduction occurs under optimal conditions to maximize reproductive success. Involvement of the growth regulator gibberellin (GA) in the control of flowering by environmental cues varies among species. Arabis alpina Pajares, a model perennial member of the Brassicaceae, only undergoes floral induction during vernalization, allowing definition of the role of GA specifically in this process. The transcription factor PERPETUAL FLOWERING1 (PEP1) represses flowering until its mRNA levels are reduced during vernalization. Genome-wide analyses of PEP1 targets identified genes involved in GA metabolism and signaling, and many of the binding sites in these genes were specific to the A. alpina lineage. Here, we show that the pep1 mutant exhibits an elongated-stem phenotype, similar to that caused by treatment with exogenous GA, consistent with PEP1 repressing GA responses. Moreover, in comparison with the wild type, the pep1 mutant contains higher GA 4 levels and is more sensitive to GA prior to vernalization. Upon exposure to cold temperatures, GA levels fall to low levels in the pep1 mutant and in wild-type plants, but GA still promotes floral induction and the transcription of floral meristem identity genes during vernalization. Reducing GA levels strongly impairs flowering and inflorescence development in response to short vernalization treatments, but longer treatments overcome the requirement for GA. Thus, GA accelerates the floral transition during vernalization in A. alpina, the down-regulation of PEP1 likely increases GA sensitivity, and GA responses contribute to determining the length of vernalization required for flowering and reproduction.

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Section: Regulation Of Ga Metabolism and Signaling By Pep1 And Relatementioning

confidence: 99%

Gibberellins Act Downstream of Arabis PERPETUAL FLOWERING1 to Accelerate Floral Induction during Vernalization

et al. 2019

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“…Eustoma plants tend to form a rosette when they are grown at an average temperature above 25°C (Ohkawa et al, 1991). A lower temperature is required for induction of stem elongation and flowering (Ohkawa et al, 1994), which is regulated by gibberellin biosynthesis (Hisamatsu et al, 2004;Mino et al, 2003). Various techniques that prevent or reverse high temperature-induced rosette formation have enabled year-round production and shipping of Eustoma flowers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Cut Eustoma Flowers

Shimizu-Yumoto

Ichimura

2010

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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A long vase life of cut flowers is valued highly by consumers. Cut Eustoma flowers have gained popularity during recent decades in Japan but there are few studies on the postharvest physiology and technology of the flowers. The vase life of cut Eustoma flowers is not long and varies among cultivars. Ethylene is involved in flower senescence and pollination accelerates this process. The Eustoma inflorescence has many flowers and buds; therefore, to improve the postharvest quality of Eustoma inflorescence, promoting bud opening as well as delaying senescence of the open flower are important. This review summarizes the factors affecting vase life and describes effective treatments for cut Eustoma flower stems to extend their vase life.

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“…Furthermore, vernalization increases the content of GAs in canola (Zanewich and Rood, 1995) or of precursors of active GAs in Thlaspi arvense (Hazebroek and Metzger, 1990) and Eustoma grandiflorum (Hisamatsu et al, 2004). Also relevant is the evidence that the shoot apex is the site of the vernalization response (see Lang, 1965;Metzger, 1988), that vernalization enhances expression of a GA 20-oxidase in shoot tips of E. grandiflorum (Mino et al, 2003), and that enzyme activity for an earlier GA biosynthetic step increases in the shoot tips of T. arvense (Hazebroek and Metzger, 1990).…”

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confidence: 99%

Flowering of the Grass Lolium perenne. Effects of Vernalization and Long Days on Gibberellin Biosynthesis and Signaling

2005

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Almost 50 years ago, it was shown that gibberellin (GA) applications caused flowering in species normally responding to cold (vernalization) and long day (LD). The implication that GAs are involved with vernalization and LD responses is examined here with the grass Lolium perenne. This species has an obligatory requirement for exposure to both vernalization and LD for its flowering (inflorescence initiation). Specific effects of vernalization or LD on GA synthesis, content, and action have been documented using four treatment pairs: nonvernalized or vernalized plants exposed to short days (SDs) or LDs. Irrespective of vernalization status, exposure to two LDs increased expression of L. perenne GA 20-oxidase-1 (LpGA20ox1), a critical GA biosynthetic gene, with endogenous GAs increasing by up to 5-fold in leaf and shoot. In parallel, LD led to degradation of a DELLA protein, SLENDER (within 48 h of LD or within 2 h of GA application). There was no effect on GA catabolism or abscisic acid content. Loss of SLENDER, which is a repressor of GA signaling, confirms the physiological relevance of increased GA content in LD. For flowering, applied GA replaced the need for LD but not that for vernalization. Thus, GAs may be an LD, leaf-sourced hormonal signal for flowering of L. perenne. By contrast, vernalization had little impact on GA or SLENDER levels or on SLENDER degradation following GA application. Thus, although vernalization and GA are both required for flowering of L. perenne, GA signaling is independent of vernalization that apparently impacts on unrelated processes.

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Thermoinduction of genes encoding the enzymes of gibberellin biosynthesis and a putative negative regulator of gibberellin signal transduction in Eustoma grandiflorum

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Gibberellins Act Downstream of Arabis PERPETUAL FLOWERING1 to Accelerate Floral Induction during Vernalization

Gibberellins Act Downstream of Arabis PERPETUAL FLOWERING1 to Accelerate Floral Induction during Vernalization

Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Cut Eustoma Flowers

Flowering of the Grass Lolium perenne. Effects of Vernalization and Long Days on Gibberellin Biosynthesis and Signaling

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