Thermogravimetry/Fourier transform infrared coupling investigations to study the thermal stability of melamine formaldehyde resin

Devallencourt, C.; Saiter, Jean‐Marc; Fafet, A.; Ubrich, Elisabeth

doi:10.1016/0040-6031(95)02262-z

Cited by 129 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This can be related to different chemistries of both precursors and formation of large polymers as a result of melamine decomposition by heat treatment. [46] While preoxidation increased the relative amounts of pyrrole/pyridone and pyridinic nitrogen in the melamine derived samples, in ureatreated samples a significant increase was noticed for pyridinic groups and pyridine N-oxide in comparison with the nonpreoxidized samples. The amount of quaternary nitrogen significantly decreased for both melamine-and urea-treated preoxidized samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This might be linked to the differences in the chemistries of the interactions of precursors with oxygen-containing surface functional groups and in the mechanisms of their pyrolysis. [46,48] One can hypothesize that less five-member-rings nitrogen groups in S-UO were due to specific interactions of small molecules of urea with oxygen groups via hydrogen bonding, limiting the urea-urea interactions owing to the spatial distance. These interactions could be also responsible for high contents of pyridine-N-oxides and pyridinic nitrogen in these carbons.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Combined Effect of Nitrogen‐ and Oxygen‐Containing Functional Groups of Microporous Activated Carbon on its Electrochemical Performance in Supercapacitors

Hulicova‐Jurcakova

Seredych

et al. 2009

Adv Funct Materials

1,523

890

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Microporous activated carbon originating from coconut shell, as received or oxidized with nitric acid, is treated with melamine and urea and heated to 950 °C in an inert atmosphere to modify the carbon surface with nitrogen‐ and oxygen‐containing groups for a systematic investigation of their combined effect on electrochemical performance in 1 M H2SO4 supercapacitors. The chemistry of the samples is characterized using elemental analysis, Boehm titration, potentiometric titration, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Sorption of nitrogen and carbon dioxide is used to determine the textural properties. The results show that the surface chemistry is affected by the type of nitrogen precursor and the specific groups present on the surface before the treatment leading to the incorporation of nitrogen. Analysis of the electrochemical behavior of urea‐ and melamine‐treated samples reveal pseudocapacitance from both the oxygen and the nitrogen containing functional groups located in the pores larger than 10 Å. On the other hand, pores between 5 Å and 6 Å are most effective in a double‐layer formation, which correlates well with the size of hydrated ions. Although the quaternary and pyridinic‐N‐oxides nitrogen groups have enhancing effects on capacitance due to the positive charge, and thus an improved electron transfer at high current loads, the most important functional groups affecting energy storage performance are pyrrolic and pyridinic nitrogen along with quinone oxygen.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Effect of Nitrogen‐ and Oxygen‐Containing Functional Groups of Microporous Activated Carbon on its Electrochemical Performance in Supercapacitors

Hulicova‐Jurcakova

Seredych

et al. 2009

Adv Funct Materials

1,523

890

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“…In the temperature range starting at 424 °C the resin undergoes extensive degradation. Devallencourt et al [19] assumed that the resin progressively deaminates forming cyameluric structures in the range of 410 °C -525 °C with evaporation of HCN and CH 3 CN. Above 660 °C the MF resin undergoes extensive degradation with production of HCN, CO, CO 2 [19].…”

Section: Characterisation Of the Input Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated Carbon by Co-pyrolysis and Steam Activation from Particle Board and Melamine Formaldehyde Resin: Production, Adsorption Properties and Techno Economic Evaluation

Vanreppelen

Schreurs

Kuppens³

et al. 2013

J. sustain. dev. energy water environ. syst.

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Cite as: Vanreppelen, K. et.al., Activated carbon by co-pyrolysis and steam activation from particle board and melamine formaldehyde resin: production, adsorption properties and techno economic evaluation, J. ABSTRACTOne of the top strategic objectives and research areas in Europe is recovering wood from processing and end of life products. However, there are still several 'contaminated' wood products that are not or only partly reused/recycled. Particle board waste which is contaminated with aminoplasts is one of these products. In addition, a considerable amount of aminoplast waste resinis produced for the production of particle board that cannot be re-used or recycled. The chemical properties of these wastes (high nitrogen content of 5.9 wt% and 54.1 wt% for particle board and melamine formaldehyde respectively) make them ideal precursors for the production of nitrogenised activated carbon. The profitability of the produced activated carbon is investigated by calculating the net present value, the minimum selling price and performing a Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis. Encouraging results for a profitable production are obtained even though the current assumptions start from a rather pessimistic scenario.

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“…In two partially cured MF resins (microcapsules' shell material) the weight loss did not occur as distinctively on the account of differences in the chemical structure between partially cured and non-cured MF resin. Thermal stability of MF resins was studied in detail by Manley and Higgs [32] and Devallencourt et al [33]. For Melapret NF 70/M the first significant weight loss occurs at the temperature around 160°C, which can be attributed to evaporation of methanol, formaldehyde and water during curing reactions.…”

Section: Thermal Stability Of Microcapsulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At these temperatures ammonia, formaldehyde and other volatile decomposition products are released. The nonvolatile residue contains -NH-bridges between melamine rings as well as different cyameluric structures [33]. In isolated cured MF resins the decrease of weight starts already below 100°C, presumably as a result of adsorbed water on MF resin.…”

Section: Thermal Stability Of Microcapsulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microencapsulation of butyl stearate with melamine-formaldehyde resin: Effect of decreasing the pH value on the composition and thermal stability of microcapsules

Alič¹,

Šebenik²,

Krajnc³

2012

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. The object of this study was to investigate how different decreasing of pH regimes during microencapsulation process with melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin affects the composition, morphology and thermal stability of microcapsules containing a phase-change material (PCM). Technical butyl stearate was used as PCM. Microencapsulation was carried out at 70°C. For all experiments the starting pH value was 6.0. After one hour of microencapsulation at the starting pH value, the pH value was lowered to final pH value (5.5; 5.0; 4.5) in a stepwise or linear way. The properties of microcapsules were monitored during and after the microencapsulation process. The results showed that pH value decreasing regime was critical for the morphology and stability of microcapsules. During microencapsulations with a stepwise decrease of pH value we observed faster increase of the amount of MF resin in the microencapsulation product compared to the microencapsulations with a linear pH value decrease. However, faster deposition in the case of microencapsulations with stepwise decrease of pH value did not result in thicker MF shells. The shell thickness increased much faster when the pH value was decreased in a linear way or in several smaller steps. It was shown that for the best thermal stability of microcapsules, the pH value during microencapsulation had to be lowered in a linear way or in smaller steps to 5.0 or lower.

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Thermogravimetry/Fourier transform infrared coupling investigations to study the thermal stability of melamine formaldehyde resin

Cited by 129 publications

References 3 publications

Combined Effect of Nitrogen‐ and Oxygen‐Containing Functional Groups of Microporous Activated Carbon on its Electrochemical Performance in Supercapacitors

Combined Effect of Nitrogen‐ and Oxygen‐Containing Functional Groups of Microporous Activated Carbon on its Electrochemical Performance in Supercapacitors

Activated Carbon by Co-pyrolysis and Steam Activation from Particle Board and Melamine Formaldehyde Resin: Production, Adsorption Properties and Techno Economic Evaluation

Microencapsulation of butyl stearate with melamine-formaldehyde resin: Effect of decreasing the pH value on the composition and thermal stability of microcapsules

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