Thermogravimetric Study of Refuse Derived Fuel Produced from Municipal Solid Waste of Kazakhstan

Kuspangaliyeva, Botagoz; Suleimenova, Botakoz; Shah, Dhawal; Sarbassov, Yerbol

doi:10.3390/app11031219

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…The low-heating value (LHV. 22.20 MJ/Kg) is in line with those reported for other real RDFs [ 35 , 40 , 42 , 43 ], higher with respect to the average value usually reported for MSWs (below 15 MJ/kg [ 6 , 44 ]) and those evaluated for other kinds of wastes applying the same conditions reported in this work (sewage sludge 10.6 MJ/Kg [ 45 ], paper sludge 11.1 MJ/kg [ 46 ], olive stone [ 47 ], lignin sludge 18.1 MJ/kg [ 48 ]) but lower than that of a plastic waste (>40 MJ/kg [ 35 , 49 ]).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Pyrolysis and Gasification of a Real Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF): The Potential Use of the Products under a Circular Economy Vision

et al. 2022

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Refuse-Derived Fuels (RDFs) are segregated forms of wastes obtained by a combined mechanical–biological processing of municipal solid wastes (MSWs). The narrower characteristics, e.g., high calorific value (18–24 MJ/kg), low moisture content (3–6%) and high volatile (77–84%) and carbon (47–56%) contents, make RDFs more suitable than MSWs for thermochemical valorization purposes. As a matter of fact, EU regulations encourage the use of RDF as a source of energy in the frameworks of sustainability and the circular economy. Pyrolysis and gasification are promising thermochemical processes for RDF treatment, since, compared to incineration, they ensure an increase in energy recovery efficiency, a reduction of pollutant emissions and the production of value-added products as chemical platforms or fuels. Despite the growing interest towards RDFs as feedstock, the literature on the thermochemical treatment of RDFs under pyrolysis and gasification conditions still appears to be limited. In this work, results on pyrolysis and gasification tests on a real RDF are reported and coupled with a detailed characterization of the gaseous, condensable and solid products. Pyrolysis tests have been performed in a tubular reactor up to three different final temperatures (550, 650 and 750 °C) while an air gasification test at 850 °C has been performed in a fluidized bed reactor using sand as the bed material. The results of the two thermochemical processes are analyzed in terms of yield, characteristics and quality of the products to highlight how the two thermochemical conversion processes can be used to accomplish waste-to-materials and waste-to-energy targets. The RDF gasification process leads to the production of a syngas with a H2/CO ratio of 0.51 and a tar concentration of 3.15 g/m3.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Pyrolysis and Gasification of a Real Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF): The Potential Use of the Products under a Circular Economy Vision

et al. 2022

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“…As can be seen, RDF-L presents higher moisture (11.0%) compared to RDF-P (5.2%) due to the higher proportion of lignocellulosic waste (wood) in its composition. In both wastes, the volatile matter presented expected values according to other works [24,25], being slightly higher in RDF-P (87.4%) when compared to RDF-L (84.5%) due to the greater presence of plastic. The ash content showed higher values in RDF-P (11.0%) compared to RDF-L (2.1%) due to the higher amount of plastics and the presence of textiles, paper, and dust in its composition.…”

Section: Raw Materials Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…The decomposition of the hydrochars derived from the RDF-P sample occurs at the same temperature range but is less accentuated and reflects the decomposition of the polymeric fraction. A peak of degradation was observed on the hydrochars with RDF-P incorporation at 800 °C (Figure 11c), probably due to the decomposition of some fraction of plastics with higher thermal resistance [25]. Regarding the solid-liquid ratio, the influence of temperature seems to have a greater influence on the hydrochars produced at 1:10.…”

Section: Thermal Degradation Behaviormentioning

confidence: 95%

Dry and Hydrothermal Co-Carbonization of Mixed Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) for Solid Fuel Production

Longo,

Alves,

Sen

et al. 2024

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The present study aims to test several conditions of the thermochemical pretreatment of torrefaction and carbonization to improve the physical and combustible properties of the Portuguese RDF. Therefore, two different types of RDF were submitted alone or mixed in 25%, 50%, and 75% proportions to dry carbonization processes in a range of temperatures between 250 to 350 °C and residence time between 15 and 60 min. Hydrothermal carbonization was also carried out with RDF samples and their 50% mixture at temperatures of 250 and 300 °C for 30 min. The properties of the 51 chars and hydrochars produced were analyzed. Mass yield, apparent density, proximate and elemental analysis, ash mineral composition, and higher heating value (HHV), among others, were determined to evaluate the combustion behavior improvement of the chars. The results show that after carbonization, the homogeneity and apparent density of the chars were increased compared to the raw RDF wastes. The chars and hydrochars produced present higher HHV and lower moisture and chlorine content. In the case of chars, a washing step seems to be essential to reduce the chlorine content to allow them to be used as an alternative fuel. In conclusion, both dry and wet carbonization demonstrated to be important pretreatments of the RDF to produce chars with improved physical and combustion properties.

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“…The presence of the latter is due to the organic content, paper, and textile components of the MSW. The intensity of the first peak (200-400 °C) is contributed by the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, while the appearance of the second peak is attributed to the degradation of plastics [35]. Above 650 °C, the decomposition extends to calcium carbonate and other minerals derived from paper manufacturing or other com-ponents of MSW, such as talc, along with the degradation of other inorganic additives, persisting until 800 °C [36].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syngas Purpose Pyrolysis-Gasification of Organic Fractions of MSW over Metal-Loaded Y-Zeolite Catalysts

Horváth,

Tomasek,

Bobek-Nagy

et al. 2024

International Journal of Energy Research

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The increasing environmental consideration and the growth of instability of the energy market call for methods that can process the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) into fuel instead of disposal. Due to the pyrolysis and gasification that are efficient procedures to achieve valuable products, gasification of OFMSW with different particle sizes and compositions was carried out in the presence of Ni and Ni-Ce-loaded Y-zeolite in a multizone tubular kiln reactor. During the experiments, 500°C was applied in the first reactor zone, while the 2nd zone was at an elevated temperature of 600°C or 900°C in the presence of steam. The combined pyrolysis and gasification experiments were also carried out without a catalyst with the same operating conditions. The feedstock was collected from the organic fraction of a Hungarian mechanical-biological treatment (MBT) plant and was separated into four different fractions based on particle size: <1 cm dry biomass and fine particles, 1-2 cm paper-rich, 2-6 cm paper and plastic-rich feedstocks, and <6 cm mixture of these fractions. During the experimental work, product yields; gaseous product composition; the ratio of H2/CO, CO2/CO, and CH4/CO; and lower heating value were determined in the function of feedstock composition, the applied temperature, and catalysts. It was found that the hydrogen content and H2/CO ratio of gaseous products were increased due to catalyst application and temperature elevation in the 2nd reactor zone. The addition of Ce to the Ni/Y-zeolite catalyst was advantageous in the case of hydrogen formation at a lower temperature (600°C). The hydrogen and methane content of products obtained from the catalytic pyrolysis-gasification of paper and plastic-rich OFMSWs on elevated temperatures were higher, which increased the lower heating value of those products. Based on the elemental analysis of the obtained solid residues, it was found that paper/plastic-rich feedstock released hydrogen and carbon with a higher extent. 1-2 cm feedstock-related solid residues had the highest H/C ratio which caused a 12.5-12.8 MJ/kg gross heating value. As a result, combined pyrolysis and gasification appear to be an efficient method to attain valuable outputs from OFMSW not only in gas but also in solid products.

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Thermogravimetric Study of Refuse Derived Fuel Produced from Municipal Solid Waste of Kazakhstan

Cited by 19 publications

References 41 publications

Pyrolysis and Gasification of a Real Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF): The Potential Use of the Products under a Circular Economy Vision

Pyrolysis and Gasification of a Real Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF): The Potential Use of the Products under a Circular Economy Vision

Dry and Hydrothermal Co-Carbonization of Mixed Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) for Solid Fuel Production

Syngas Purpose Pyrolysis-Gasification of Organic Fractions of MSW over Metal-Loaded Y-Zeolite Catalysts

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