Thermogravimetric Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) of petroleum source rocks. Initial results

Whelan, Jean K.; Solomon, P.R.; Deshpande, G.V.; Carangelo, Robert M.

doi:10.1021/ef00007a010

Cited by 49 publications

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“…A Dupont TA 2950 thermogravimetric analyzer with a flow rate of 100 mL/min was used. The sample (ϳ5mg) was heated at different rates (2,5,10,15, and 50°C/min) from room temperature to 900°C in a helium or air atmosphere.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Although the interface and analytical chamber designs are yet not ideal, the TG/FTIR technique is a unique way of evaluating both the thermal cracking of compounds in an inert atmosphere and the oxidation/combustion/weight changes of compounds in air, oxygen, or other reactive gases with a wide scope of applications along with the measurement of evolved-gas compositions. Whelan 5 used this technique to study the evolution of products in the heating of rocks. Schildermans et al 6 studied the thermal decomposition of precursors to superconducting materials with the analysis of formed HNO 3 , H 2 O, NO 2 , and so forth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal cracking characteristics of PEEK under different environments by the TG/FTIR technique

Perng

1999

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal cracking characteristics of PEEK under different environments by the TG/FTIR technique

Perng

1999

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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“…The TG-FTIR system employed in this study was the TG/plus from Bomem, Inc., and its details have been presented elsewhere (Solomon, et at., 1990b;Carangleo, et al, 1987;and Whelan, et at., 1988). Its components are as follows: a DuPont 951 TGA, a hardware interface, an Infrared Analysis 16 pass gas cell with transfer optics, and a Bomem Michelson 110 FT-IR (resolution, 4 cm-'; detector, MCT).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and modeling of advanced coal conversion processes, Volume I, Part 2. Final report, September 1986--September 1993

Solomon¹,

Serio²,

Hamblen³

1995

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we are grateful for their advice and technical guidance. We wish to acknowledge the significant contributions of Professor Eric M. Suuberg of Brown University in the areas of char reactivity, pyrolysis modeling and pyrolysis kinetics. Prof. Philip E. Best of the University of Connecticut made significant contributions in the areas of coal and char optical properties, modeling of coal viscosity and swelling, and FT-IR ernission/transmission (En) tomography. in addition to the authors listed on the title page, the Senior Investigators at Advanced Fuel Research, Inc. (AFR) included Ms. Sylvie Charpenay, Dr. Zhen-Zhong Yu, and Dr. Yuxin Zhao for subtask 2.a., Mr. James R. Markham for subtask 2.c., and Dr. Marek A. Wojtowicz for subtask 2.d. The preparations of the manuscript and illustrations was ably performed at AFR by Karin Dutton, Margaret Lane, and Lori Bellone. II.E.l-1.II . E . 1-2 .ll.E.2-I. ll.E.2-2. ll.E.2-3.ll.E.3-1.II.E.4-1.ll.E.6-1. I I . E.6-2.ll.E.6-3. I xv EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe overall objective of this program was the development of a predictive capability for the design, scale up, simulation, control and feedstock evaluation in advanced coal conversion devices. This technology is important to reduce the technical and economic risks inherent in utilizing coal, a feedstock whose variable and often unexpected behavior presents a significant challenge. This program merged significant advances made at Advanced Fuel Research, Inc. (AFR) in measuring and quantitatively describing the mechanisms in coal conversion behavior, with technology developed at Brigham Young University (BYU) in comprehensive computer codes for mechanistic modeling of entrained-bed gasification. Additional capabilities in predicting pollutant formation were implemented and the technology was expanded to fixed-bed reactors.The foundation to describe coal-specific conversion behavior was AFRs Functional Group (FG) and Devolatilization, Vaporization and Crosslinking (DVC) models, developed under previous and on-going METC sponsored programs. These models have demonstrated the capability to describe the time dependent evolution of individual gas species, and the amount and characteristics of tar and char. The combined FG-DVC model was integrated with BYU's comprehensive two-dimensional reactor model for combustion and gasification, PCGC-2, and a one-dimensional model for fixed-bed gasifiers, FBED-I . The program included: i) validation of the submodels by comparison with laboratory data obtained in this program, ii) extensive validation of the modified comprehensive codes by comparison of predicted results with data from bench-scale and process scale investigations of gasification, mild gasification and combustion of coal or coal-derived products, and iii) development of well documented user friendly software applicable to a "workstation" environment. The progress during the program is summarized below.For Subtask 2.a., the processes described were: 1) tar formation mechanisms and kinetics; 2) gas formation mechanism...

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“…Stiehl and Lehmann 1980;Whelan et al 1988). Non-isothermal pyrolysis experiments on organic material and coals of different rank and type show N 2 generation under experimental conditions above 600°C but definitely at considerable higher temperatures than methane generation .…”

Section: Nitrogen Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possible sources for high nitrogen contents in natural gas reservoirs include sedimentary organic matter, inorganic fixed ammonium, magmatic or metamorphic rocks, and primordial nitrogen (e.g. Mu¨ller et al 1973;Cooper and Evans 1983;Whelan et al 1988;Everlien and Hoffmann 1991;Jenden et al 1988;Krooss et al 1995;Zhu et al 2000). However, an origin of nitrogen from coal or deeply buried sedimentary rocks has been favoured in a number of previous studies of gas reservoirs in the NGB (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The significance of fixed ammonium in Palaeozoic sediments for the generation of nitrogen-rich natural gases in the North German Basin

Mingram¹,

Hoth

Lüders³

et al. 2005

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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In contrast to predominantly hydrocarbon-rich natural gases in the western part of the Central European Basin (CEB), accumulations of natural gases from the eastern part of the North German Basin (NGB) are nitrogen-rich with up to 90% N 2 . This study is focused on the behaviour of fixed ammonium in clay minerals of organic-rich Palaeozoic sediments in the eastern part of the NGB as a major source of nitrogen-rich natural gases. Carboniferous shales have been investigated for a better understanding of nitrogen fixing during diagenesis, storage during burial and release during devolatilization processes or fluid-rock interactions. The total nitrogen contents in the studied Carboniferous shales of the NGB reach up to 2700 ppm with an inorganic fixed portion (in the form of NH 4 + -N) of more than 60%. The results of this study indicate an increasing proportion of the mineralogically fixed ammonium with increasing thermal maturity and storage up to catagenetic conditions. The isotopic composition of fixed-NH 4 is relatively homogeneous in the majority of the shales and ranges from +1 to +3.5&. In contrast, samples from the basin centre show a significant decrease in ammonium contents down to 460 ppm coupled with a shift in d 15 N up to +5.6& suggesting a release of nitrogen on a large scale. Calculation of nitrogen loss and isotopic fractionation indicate that more than 30% of nitrogen was released as ammonium probably as a consequence of fluid-rock interaction with highly saline brines.

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Thermogravimetric Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) of petroleum source rocks. Initial results

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Thermal cracking characteristics of PEEK under different environments by the TG/FTIR technique

Thermal cracking characteristics of PEEK under different environments by the TG/FTIR technique

Measurement and modeling of advanced coal conversion processes, Volume I, Part 2. Final report, September 1986--September 1993

The significance of fixed ammonium in Palaeozoic sediments for the generation of nitrogen-rich natural gases in the North German Basin

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