Thermogravimetric analysis-based proximate analysis of agro-byproducts and prediction of calorific value

Park, Sunyong; Kim, Seok Jun; Oh, Kwang Cheol; Cho, Lahoon; Jeon, YoungKwang; Lee, Chunggeon; Kim, Dae Hyun

doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2022.09.040

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Specifically, postreaction catalyst samples were taken from three exemplary high-conversion reactions, namely, (a) 4 h, 40 bar H 2 , 275 °C, (b) 36 h, 30 bar H 2 , 275 °C, and (c) 4× repeated runs of 4 h, 30 bar H 2 , 300 °C each. To deconvolute the release of carbonaceous coke from polymeric species, a TGA program was implemented based on methods applied to biomass fraction determination, including a temperature-programmed pyrolysis (TPP) stage to 600 °C followed by cooling in an inert atmosphere and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) to 650 °C after that. Polyethylene has been shown to pyrolyze under an inert atmosphere by 550 °C .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into the Reaction Pathways and Catalyst Deactivation for Polyethylene Hydrogenolysis over Silica-Supported Cobalt Catalysts

Borkar

Helmer

Panicker

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Chemical repurposing has emerged as a promising route to valorize "end-of-use" plastic waste and mitigate its release to the environment. In this work, we applied silica-supported cobalt (5 wt % Co/SiO 2 ) catalysts to produce liquid-range hydrocarbons (C 5 −C 30 ) in the batch phase at 200−300 °C, 20−40 bar H 2 , and 2−36 h with high selectivity and investigated the reaction pathways, the influence of catalyst phase on the product yields and selectivity, and the catalyst deactivation mechanisms. Reaction conditions were optimized for improving liquid product yields at 275 °C, 30 bar H 2 , and 8 h reaction time, giving a 55% liquid product yield (C-mole basis), comprising 75% of nonsolid products, with gas yields limited to ∼19%. By tracking product evolution over time and with varying cobalt surface density, we propose a multipathway mechanism, including a dominant, nonterminal C−C cleavage route on the polymer chain over the catalyst, which drives the high liquid product selectivity. The catalyst also showed recyclability over four reactions with reduced activity and a shift in yield toward liquid products after the first reaction. It was effectively regenerated by calcination under air at 450 °C. We combined the reactivity data with powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (TGA-MS), and catalyst surface areas via N 2 physisorption of various fresh, spent, recycled, and regenerated catalysts to attribute the reduced activity and selectivity shift mainly to the presence of a recalcitrant polymer species embedded on the catalyst, comprising 10.5−18.5 wt % of the spent catalyst, which obstructs access to active sites and increases liquid selectivity and overshadows the influence of carbonaceous coke or catalyst phase reduction to Co. Moreover, we successfully applied the catalyst to various postconsumer polyethylene (HDPE and LDPE) samples. These results move the field toward more sustainable and economically viable catalysts for the chemical upcycling of waste plastics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into the Reaction Pathways and Catalyst Deactivation for Polyethylene Hydrogenolysis over Silica-Supported Cobalt Catalysts

Borkar

Helmer

Panicker

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Moisture (M) content was measured by oven-drying samples at 105 °C until a constant weight was obtained. Volatile matter (VM) was measured gravimetrically by heating samples in a closed crucible at 900 ± 25 °C [ 35 , 36 ]. Ash content was determined by heating the samples in an open crucible at 575 ± 25 °C for 5 h (NREL/TP-510-42622 method) [ 37 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Two-Phase Olive Pomace Slurry-Derived Hydrochar Fuel for Energy Applications

Karim,

Martínez-Cartas,

Cuevas-Aranda

2024

Polymers

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The present study aims to resolve the existing research gaps on olive pomace (OP) hydrochars application as a fuel by evaluating its molecular structures (FTIR and solid NMR analysis), identifying influential characteristics (Pearson correlation analysis), process optimization (response surface methodology), slagging–fouling risks (empirical indices), and combustion performance (TG-DSC analysis). The response surfaces plot for hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of OP slurry performed in a pressure reactor under varied temperatures (180–250 °C) and residence times (2–30 min) revealed 250 °C for 30 min to be optimal conditions for producing hydrochar fuel with a higher heating value (32.20 MJ·Kg−1) and energy densification ratio (1.40). However, in terms of process efficiency and cost-effectiveness, the optimal HTC conditions for producing the hydrochar with the highest energy yield of 87.9% were 202.7 °C and 2.0 min. The molecular structure of hydrochar was mainly comprised of aromatic rings with methyl groups, alpha-C atoms of esters, and ether bond linkages of lignin fractions. The slagging and fouling risks of hydrochars were comparatively lower than those of raw OP, as indicated by low slagging and fouling indices. The Pearson correlation analysis emphasized that the enrichment of acid-insoluble lignin and extractive contents, carbon densification, and reduced ash content were the main pivotal factors for hydrochar to exhibit better biofuel characteristics for energy applications.

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“…Nonetheless, chromium did not have a negative effect on the net calorific value or the gross calorific value of the dry matter of maize straw. It also needs to be emphasized that the calorific value of the dry matter of maize straw (18.2 MJ kg −1 ) [94] and (18.5 MJ kg −1 ) [95] is higher than that of oilseed rape straw (15.3 MJ kg −1 ) [96] or barley straw (15.7 MJ kg −1 ) [97]. Calorific value of various biomass types is presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Yield Of Zea Mays In Soil Contaminated With Cr(vi) and Its E...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Calorific Value of Zea mays Biomass Derived from Soil Contaminated with Chromium (VI) Disrupting the Soil’s Biochemical Properties

et al. 2023

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One of the major challenges faced by contemporary agriculture is how to achieve better yields of crops and, consequently, higher biomass, even in unfavorable environmental conditions. This challenge corresponds to the assumptions of sustainable development, wherein it is envisaged that plant biomass should be used on a large scale for heat generation or conversion of biofuels. Keeping pace with observed trends, the following study was conducted in order to determine the effect of Cr(VI) on the net calorific value of Zea mays, to assess the impact of this element on soil enzymatic activity, and to identify the effectiveness of compost and humic acids in alleviating possible negative effects of Cr(VI) toxicity. These aims were pursued by setting up a pot experiment, in which soil either uncontaminated or contaminated with increasing doses of Cr(VI) of 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg Cr kg−1 d.m. was submitted to biostimulation with compost and the preparation HumiAgra, a source of humic acids, and cropped with Zea mays. The plant height, yield, and net calorific value of the aerial parts of maize, as well as its root yield, were determined. Additionally, the activity of seven soil enzymes and the values of the impact indices of compost and HumiAgra relative to the analyzed parameters were determined. It was found that Cr(VI) decreased the amount of energy obtained from the plants by decreasing maize biomass, and additionally by distorting the biochemical balance of the soil. Dehydrogenases, urease, and arylsulfatase proved to be particularly sensitive to this element. It was demonstrated that HumiAgra was more effective than compost in mollifying the adverse effects of Cr(VI) on the activity of soil enzymes and, consequently, on the biomass of Zea mays.

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Thermogravimetric analysis-based proximate analysis of agro-byproducts and prediction of calorific value

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Investigation into the Reaction Pathways and Catalyst Deactivation for Polyethylene Hydrogenolysis over Silica-Supported Cobalt Catalysts

Investigation into the Reaction Pathways and Catalyst Deactivation for Polyethylene Hydrogenolysis over Silica-Supported Cobalt Catalysts

Industrial Two-Phase Olive Pomace Slurry-Derived Hydrochar Fuel for Energy Applications

Calorific Value of Zea mays Biomass Derived from Soil Contaminated with Chromium (VI) Disrupting the Soil’s Biochemical Properties

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